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The Composting Process - USU

October 1995 Michael G. Pace, Graduate Research Assistant; Bruce E. Miller, Assistant Professor,Kathryn L. Farrell-Poe, Extension Environmental Engineer; Ag. Systems Tech. & Ed. is the aerobic, or oxygen-requiring, decompositionof organic materials by microorganisms under controlledconditions. During Composting , the microorganisms consumeoxygen (O2) while feeding on organic matter (Figure 1). Activecomposting generates considerable heat, and large quantities ofcarbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor are released into the CO2 and water losses can amount to half the weight of theinitial materials, thereby reducing the volume and mass ofthe final 1. The Composting ProcessWhat Happens During CompostingComposting may begin as soon as the raw materials aremixed together. During the initial stages of the Process , oxygenand the easily degradable components of the raw materials arerapidly consumed by the temperature of the windrow or pile is directly related tothe microorganism activity of the windrow and is a goodindicator of what is going on inside.

composting materials generally follows a pattern of rapid increase to 120-140oF where it is maintained for several weeks depending on the materials (Figure 2). As active composting slows, temperatures will gradually drop until the compost reaches ambient air temperatures. A curing period usually follows the active composting period.

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