Transcription of The Ising model - Ueltschi
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The Ising model - Ueltschi
CHAPTER 5 The Ising model1. FerromagnetismThe discovery of magnetic materials predates the invention of writing. Hu-mans were fascinated by the attractive or repulsive forces between magnets andthey assigned magical and esoteric values to these objects. Later the Chinese dis-covered the Earth s magnetic field and use magnets as compasses. Starting withthe XVIIth Century, electric and magnetic phenomena were scientifically investi-gated. The corresponding chemical elements were identified and such properties asthe dependence of magnetization on temperature were placed in an external magnetic field, some materials create a magneticfield of their own. It points either in the same direction ( paramagnetism ) orin the opposite direction ( diamagnetism ).
40 5. THE ISING MODEL symmetries, etc..., but not on specific characteristics such as the actual type of the lattice or the form of the interactions (nearest-neighbor only, or with longer range).
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