Transcription of Unit 10 - NCERT
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Unit 10 - NCERT
The replacement of hydrogen atom(s) in an aliphaticor aromatic hydrocarbon by halogen atom(s) resultsin the formation of alkyl halide (haloalkane) and arylhalide (haloarene), respectively. Haloalkanes containhalogen atom(s) attached to the sp3 hybridised carbonatom of an alkyl group whereas haloarenes containhalogen atom(s) attached to sp2 hybridised carbonatom(s) of an aryl group. Many halogen containingorganic compounds occur in nature and some ofthese are clinically useful. These classes of compoundsfind wide applications in industry as well as in day-to-day life. They are used as solvents for relativelynon-polar compounds and as starting materials forthe synthesis of wide range of organic containing antibiotic, chloramphenicol,produced by microorganisms is very effective for thetreatment of typhoid fever. Our body produces iodinecontaining hormone, thyroxine, the deficiency of whichcauses a disease called goiter.
Chemistry 294 10.4.2 From Hydrocarbons Bond Bond length/pmC-X Bond enthalpies/ kJmol-1 Dipole moment/Debye CH 3 –F 139 452 1.847 CH 3 – Cl 178 351 1.860 CH 3 –Br 193 293 1.830
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