Transcription of Unit 10 - NCERT
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The replacement of hydrogen atom(s) in an aliphaticor aromatic hydrocarbon by halogen atom(s) resultsin the formation of alkyl halide (haloalkane) and arylhalide (haloarene), respectively. Haloalkanes containhalogen atom(s) attached to the sp3 hybridised carbonatom of an alkyl group whereas haloarenes containhalogen atom(s) attached to sp2 hybridised carbonatom(s) of an aryl group. Many halogen containingorganic compounds occur in nature and some ofthese are clinically useful. These classes of compoundsfind wide applications in industry as well as in day-to-day life.
(i) From hydrocarbons by electrophilic substitution Aryl chlorides and bromides can be easily prepared by electrophilic substitution of arenes with chlorine and bromine respectively in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts like iron or iron(III) chloride. The ortho and para isomers can be easily separated due to large,
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