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Unit 5: Change of Coordinates

LINEAR ALGEBRA AND VECTOR ANALYSISMATH 22 BUnit 5: Change of a basisBin a linear spaceX, we can write an elementvinXin a uniqueway as a sum of basis elements. For example, ifv=[34]is a vector inX=R2andB={v1=[1 1], v2=[16]}, thenv= 2v1+v2. We say that[21]Bare theBcoordinatesofv. Thestandard coordinatesarev=[34]are assumed if no otherbasis is specified. This meansv= 3e1+ {v1, v2, , vn}is a basis ofRn, then the matrixSwhich contains thevectorsvkas column vectors is called thecoordinate Change :IfSis the matrix ofB, thenS 1vare theBcoordinates the above example,S=[11 1 6]has the inverseS 1=[6 111]/7. WecomputeS 1[3,4]T= [2,1] [v]B= [a1, .. , an] are the new Coordinates ofv, this meansv=a1v1+ +anvn. But that meansv=S[v]B.

B= S 1v. Theorem: If T(x) = Ax is a linear map and S is the matrix from a basis change, then B = S 1AS is the matrix of T in the new basis B. Proof. Let y = Ax. The statement [y] B= B[x] Bcan be written using the last theorem as S 1y = BS 1x so that y = SBS 1x. Combining with y = Ax, this gives B = S 1AS. 5.4. If two matrices A;B satisfy B = S ...

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