What is ESAL?

What is ESAL? ESAL is the acronym for equivalent single axle load. ESAL is a concept developed from datacollected at the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) Road Test toestablish a damage relationship for comparing the effects of axles carrying different reference axle load is an 18,000-lb. single axle with dual is design ESALs?Design ESALs is a cumulative traffic load summary statistic. The statistic represents a mixedstream of traffic of different axle loads and axle configurations predicted over the design oranalysis period and then converted into an equivalent number of 18,000-lb. single axle loadssummed over that the following calculations to determine design ESALs:Where:Tf= truck factorUse the following calculation to determine Tf:Where:pi= percentage of total repetitions for the ith load groupFi= equivalent axle load factor for the ith load groupA = average number of axles per = percentage of trucks in average daily traffic (ADT)G = growth factorUse the following calculation to determine G:Where:g = annual growth raten = analysis period in yearsD = directional distribution factorL = lane distribution factorY = design period in yearsFor more information, refer to Appendix D of AASHTO Guide for Design of PavementStructures(1)

Design Frequently _____Asked Questions ... the average ten heaviest wheel loads daily (ATHWLD) statistic, the percent tandem axles in the ... • map giving general project alignment • identification of proposed facility type • one or two way operation • number of lanes (for facilities with frontage roads, the designer should also specify ...

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