Transcription of WORKING MEMORY - app.nova.edu
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WORKING MEMORY - app.nova.edu
'andGrahamHitch'UNIVERSITYOFSTIRLING,STI RLING, } ,TransfertoLTS, }' decadeofintensiveresearchonthetopicofsho rt-termmemory(STM), ,ofcourse, (STS)-thehypotheticalmemorysystemwhichis assumedtoberesponsibleforperformanceinta sksinvolvingshort-termmemoryparadigms(At kinson&Shiffrin,1968)-hasbeenas-signeda crucialroleintheperformanceofawiderangeo ftasksincludingproblemsolving(Hunter,196 4),languagecomprehension(Rumelhart,Linds ay,&Norman,1972)andmostnotably,long-term learning (Atkinson&Shiffrin,1968;Waugh&No rman,1965).Per-hapsthemostcogentcasefort hecentralimportanceofSTSingen-eralinform ationprocessingisthatofAtkinsonandShiffr in(1971) ,despitethefrequencywithwhichSTS1 , 'Vorkin~Melllor}'49hasbeenassignedthisro leasanoperationalorworkingmemory,theempi ricalevidenceforsucha 'sgeneralprocessingca-pacity,asreRectedb yhisperformanceonsomesimultaneoussub-sid iarytask,suchascardsorting(Murdock,1965) ,trackingper-formance(Martin,1970),orrea ctiontimeOohnston,Griffith&Wagstaff,1972 ).However, (1972)attemptedtostudytheroleofSTSinconc eptformationbymeansoftheacousticsimilari tyeffect,thetendencyforSTMtobedisruptedw henthematerialtoberemem-beredcomprisesit emsthatarephonemicallysimilartoeachother (Baddeley,1966b;Conrad,1962).
48 Alan D. Baddeley and Graham Hilch 'Vorkin~Melllor}' 49 has been assigned this role as an operational or working memory, the empirical evidence for such a view is remarkably sparse. A number of studies have shown that the process of learning and
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