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X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

X-ray Diffraction (XRD) What is X-ray Diffraction Basics of Crystallography Production of X-rays Applications of XRD Instrumental Sources of Error ConclusionsEnglish physicists Sir Bragg and his son Sir Bragg developed a relationship in 1913 to explain why the cleavage faces of crystals appear to reflect X-ray beams at certain angles of incidence (theta, ). The variable dis the distance between atomic layers in a crystal, and the variable lambda is the wavelengthof the incident X-ray beam; n is an integer. This observation is an example of X-ray wave interference(Roentgenstrahlinterferenzen ), commonly known as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and was direct evidence for the periodic atomic structure of crystals postulated for several =2dsin Bragg s LawAlthough Bragg's law was used to explain the interference patt

Hanawalt: Hanawalt decided that since more than one substance can have the same or nearly the same d value, each substance should be characterized by it’s three strongest lines (d1, d2, d3). The values of d1-d3 are usually sufficient to characterize the pattern of an unknown and enable the corresponding pattern in the file to be located.

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