Transcription of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
XX--ray Photoelectron Spectroscopyray Photoelectron SpectroscopyRoger Smart, Stewart McIntyre, Mike Roger Smart, Stewart McIntyre, Mike Bancroft, Igor Bancroft, Igor Bello Bello & Friends& FriendsDepartment of Physics and Materials ScienceDepartment of Physics and Materials ScienceCity University of Hong KongCity University of Hong KongSurface Science Western, UWOS urface Science Western, UWOP hotoelectric effectPhotoelectric effectEinstein, Nobel Prize 1921 Photoemission as an analytical toolKai Siegbahn, Nobel Prize 1981 IntroductionXPSX-ray Photoelectron SpectroscopyESCAE lectron Spectroscopy for Chemical AnalysisUPSU ltraviolet Photoelectron SpectroscopyPESP hotoemission SpectroscopyXPS, also known as ESCA, is the most widely used surface analysis technique because of its relative simplicity in use and data Analytical Methods Analytical Methods KE = h -(EB+ ) Elemental identification and chemical state of element Relative composition of the constituents in the surface region Valence ba
require an analyser with w=1 mm and R=1.2 metres! Therefore, it is convenient to retard the energy of the incoming electrons so that they have a lower (and constant) energy as they pass through the analyser. The lens system which retards the electron energy also focuses the electrons energy from the sample to increase the throughput.
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