Inactivation (disinfection) processes
Effectiveness of chlorine against protozoa Protozoan cysts such as Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are highly resistant to chlorine disinfection and may require prolonged contact times at high chlorine residuals (2–3 mg/l) to achieve 99.9% (3-log) inactivation. Clark, Read & Hoff (1989) have described a mathematical model for Giardia
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