CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations

1 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL ExaminationsMass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes)Third Edition July Regulation 696 CAA JAR-FCL ExaminationsMass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes)Third Edition July 2006 Safety Regulation GroupCAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes) Civil Aviation Authority 2006 All rights reserved. Copies of this publication may be reproduced as training material for students, foruse within a company or organisation, or for personal use, but may not otherwise be reproduced forpublication or for commercial use or reference CAA publications for any other purpose, please contact the CAA at the addressbelow for formal 0 11790 389 2 First published August 1999 Second edition June 2001 Third edition July 2006 Enquiries regarding the content of this publication should be addressed to.

2 Personnel Licensing Department, Safety Regulation Group, Civil Aviation Authority, Aviation House,Gatwick Airport South, West Sussex, RH6 latest version of this document is available in electronic format at , where you mayalso register for e-mail notification of by TSO (The Stationery Office) on behalf of the UK Civil Aviation copy available from: TSO, PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 orders/General enquiries: 0870 600 5522E-mail: orders: 0870 600 5533 Textphone: 0870 240 3701 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes)SectionPageDateSectionPageDa te Page iiiiiiJuly 2006ivJuly 2006vJuly 2006viJuly 2006 Revision History1 July 2006 Revision History2 July 2006 Section 11 July 2006 Section 12 July 2006 Section 13 July 2006 Section 14 July 2006 Section 15 July 2006 Section 16 July 2006 Section 21 July 2006 Section 22 July 2006 Section 23 July 2006 Section 24 July 2006 Section 31 July 2006 Section 32 July 2006 Section 33 July 2006 Section 34 July 2006 Section 35 July 2006 Section 36 July 2006 Section 41 July 2006 Section 42 July 2006 Section 43 July 2006 Section 44 July 2006 Section 45 July 2006 Section 46 July 2006 Section 47

3 July 2006 Section 48 July 2006 Section 49 July 2006 Section 410 July 2006 Section 411 July 2006 Section 412 July 2006 July 2006 List of Effective PagesINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page ivCAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes)July 2006 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes) Page vList of Effective PagesiiiRevision History1 Section 1 General NotesIntroduction1 aircraft Description1 Layout of Data Sheets2 Definitions2 Conversions4 Standard Mass Values 5 Section 2 Data for Single-Engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP1)Aeroplane Description and Data1 Procedure for Mass and Balance Calculation3 Section 3 Data for Light Twin-Engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP1)Aeroplane Description and Data1 Configuration Options1 Procedure for Mass and Balance Calculations2 Section 4 Data for Medium-Range Twin Jet (MRJT1) aircraft Description1 aircraft Data Constants1 Mass and Balance Limitations2 fuel Data3 Passenger and Personnel Data4 Cargo Data5 Mass and Balance Calculations6 July 2006 Table of ContentsINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Page viCAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes)

4 July 2006 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes) Revision History Page 1 Revision History1st EditionAugust 1999 CAP 696, CAA JAR-FCL Examinations Loading Manual, was produced to support training and Examinations in JAR-FCL Subject 031 - Mass and Balance for EditionJune 2001 The manual was reissued to incorporate CAA House EditionJuly 2006 This edition has been retitled and upgraded with digitised graphics. Definitions and conver-sions have been rationalised and known errors have been 2006 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Revision History Page 2 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes)July 2006 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes) Section 1 - General Notes Page 1 Section 1 General data sheets in this manual are produced to support training and Examinations inJAR-FCL Subject 031 - Mass and Balance for data contained within these sheets are for training and examination purposesonly.

5 The data must not be used for any other purpose and, specifically, are not tobe used for the purpose of planning activities associated with the operation ofany aeroplane in use now or in the aeroplanes used in these data sheets are of generic types related to the classesof aeroplane on which the appropriate Examinations are must select the correct class of aeroplane for the question beingattempted. same set of generic aeroplanes will be utilised in the following subjects: 031 - Mass and Balance - Aeroplanes 032 - Performance - Aeroplanes 033 - Flight Planning and Monitoring - AeroplanesGeneric AeroplanesSingle-Engine Pistoncertificated under CS 23 (Light Aeroplanes) Performance Class BSEP1 Multi-Engine Pistoncertificated under CS 23 (Light Aeroplanes)Performance Class BMEP1 Medium-Range Jet Transportcertificated under CS 25 (Large Aeroplanes)Performance Class AMRJT1 July 2006 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes)

6 Section 1 - General Notes Page 23 Layout of Data set of data sheets will consist of an introduction that will contain some pertinentinformation relating to the aircraft and the subject being examined. This data willinclude (but not be limited to) a list of abbreviations and some conversion will be followed by a selection of graphs and/or tables that will provide coveragesuitable for the syllabus to be examined. A worked example will accompany eachgraph/table and will demonstrate typical given in italics are not given in ICAO, or JAA or EASA documentation butare in common Definitions: Basic Empty Mass (Basic Mass)is the mass of an aeroplane plus standard items such as: unusable fuel and other unusable fluids; lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units; fire extinguishers; pyrotechnics; emergency oxygen equipment; supplementary electronic Operating Mass (DOM)is the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding usable fuel and traffic load.

7 The mass includes items such as: i)Crew and crew ) Catering and removable passenger ) Potable water and lavatory ) Food and Structural Landing Mass (MSLM)the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass on landing in normal Structural Take-Off Mass (MSTOM)the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass at the start of the take-off Structural Taxi Massis the structural limitation of the mass of the aeroplane at commencement of Zero fuel Mass (MZFM) is the maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable Mass (OM)is the DOM plus fuel but without traffic Limited Landing Mass (PLLM)is the mass subject to the landing aerodrome Limited Take-Off Mass (PLTOM)is the take-off mass subject to departure aerodrome 2006 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes) Section 1 - General Notes Page DefinitionsRegulated Landing Mass (RLM)is the lowest of the performance limited landing mass and structural limited landing Take-Off Mass (RTOM)is the lowest of the performance limited TOM and structural limited Mass (TOM)

8 Is the mass of the aeroplane including everything and everyone contained within it at the start of the take-off Massis the mass of the aeroplane at the start of the taxi (at departure from the loading gate). Sometimes referred to as Ramp Loadis the total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non-revenue Loadis the total mass of the passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non-revenue load and usable is the difference between the Dry Operating Mass and the Take-Off fuel Mass (ZFM)is DOM plus traffic load but excluding Arm (BA)is the distance from the datum to the centre of gravity of a of Gravity (CG)is that point through which the force of gravity is said to act on a (relative to an aeroplane) is that point on the longitudinal axis (or extension thereof)

9 From which the centres of gravities of all masses are Operating Index (DOI)is the index for the position of the centre of gravity at Dry Operating Index (LI)is a non-dimensional figure that is a scaled down value of a moment. It is used to simplify mass and balance the product of the mass and the balance armJuly 2006 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes) Section 1 - General Notes Page 45 ConversionsAll conversions are taken from ICAO Annex ConversionsPounds (lb) to Kilograms (kg)lb x Kilograms (kg) to Pounds (lb)kg x (Liquid)Imperial Gallons to Litres (l)Imp. Gall x Gallons to Litres (l)US Gall x (ft) to Metres (m)ft x mile (NM) to metres (m)NM x 2006 CAP 696 CAA JAR-FCL Examinations - Mass and Balance Manual (Aeroplanes) Section 1 - General Notes Page 56 Standard Mass Values NOTE:The masses above are subject to change.

10 Candidates should thereforeregard these as accurate for examination purposes only. For operationalpurposes refer to JAR-OPS Values for Passengers: 20 Passenger Seats or more Passenger seats20 or more30 or moreMaleFemaleAll AdultAll flights except holiday charters88 kg70 kg84 kgHoliday charters83 kg69 kg76 kgCh