Standard Trench/Embankment Installation

1 DoDo/6 (Min.)Do (Min.)Do/3 DiMiddle bedding loosely placed uncompacted bedding except Type 4 Outer bedding materials and compaction each side, same requirements as haunch FoundationBeddingSee Tables 1 & 2 HHaunchLower SideSpringlineOverfill SoilCategory I, II, IIIS tandard Trench/Embankment InstallationConcrete pipe should be installed in accordance with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Section 27 or ASTM C1479. Figure 1 shows the basic pipe and soil are four types of Standard Installations, each with its own soil and compaction requirements.

2 Type 1 bedding provides the most support using highly compacted granular material, while Type 4 provides for less support allowing the use of silts and clay soils with little or no compaction. These four choices provide flexibility and versatility for the designer and contractor, as well as performance and economy for the owner that are not available with other types of pipe. The soil and compaction requirements are provided in Table 1. Table 2 shows the equivalent soil designations per the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and facilitate your selection of the proper reinforced concrete pipe using the most beneficial Standard Installation for the conditions at the site, fill height tables are provided on the following pages.

3 The required inch crack D-Loads in units of lbs per linear foot per foot of diameter are provided numerically and the class of pipe per ASTM C76 (AASHTO M 170) meeting this requirement is designated by color of the 2017 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved. Resource # 16-201 (Revised 03/17)3 2017 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved. Resource # 16-201 (Revised 03/17) Installation Bedding Haunch and Type Thickness Outer Bedding Lower Side Type 1 Do /24 minimum, not 95% Category I 90% Category I, less than 3 (75 mm) 95% Category II, If rock foundation, use or Do /12 minimum, not 100% Category III less than 6 (150 mm) Type 2 Do /24 minimum, not 90% Category I 85% Category I, less than 3 (75 mm)

4 Or 90% Category II, If rock foundation, use 95% Category II or Do /12 minimum, not 95% Category III less than 6 (150 mm) Type 3 Do /24 minimum, not 85% Category I, 85% Category I, less than 3 (75 mm) 90% Category II, 90% Category II, If rock foundation, use or or Do /12 minimum, not 95% Category III 95% Category III less than 6 (150 mm) Type 4 No bedding required No compaction No compaction except if rock required, except if required, except if foundation, use Do /12 Category III, Category III, minimum, not use 85% use 85% less than 6 (150 mm) NOTES:1.

5 Compaction and soil symbols 95% Category I refers to Category I soil material with a minimum Standard Proctor compaction of 95%. See Table 2 for equivalent Modified Proctor values. 2. Soil in the outer bedding, haunch, and lower side zones shall be compacted to at least the same compaction as the majority of soil in the overfill zone. Table 1: Standard Installation Soils and Minimum Compaction Requirements Reference: ASCE 15-98, Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD) , 1998.

6 Representative Soil Types Percent Compaction Standard Modified SIDD USCS AASHTO Proctor Proctor Gravelly SW, SP, A1, A3 100 95 Sand GW, GP 95 90 (Category I) 90 85 85 80 80 75 61 59 Sandy GM, SM, ML, A2, A4 100 95 Silt Also GC, SC 95 90 (Category II) with less than 90 85 20% passing 85 80 #200 sieve 80 75 49 46 Silty CL, MH, A5, A6 100 90 Clay GC, SC 95 85 (Category III) 90 80 85 75 80 70 45 40 Not Allowed CH A7 100 90 for Haunch 95 85 or Bedding 90 80 45 40 Table 2: Equivalent USCS and AASHTO Soil Classifications for Standard Installation Soil Designations Reference: ASCE 15-98, Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD) , 1998.

7 Table 3: Reinforced Pipe Classes for inch Crack Per ASTM C 76 (lbs/ft/ft)Class I 800 Class II 1000 Class III 1350 Class IV 2000 Class V 3000 Special Design> 30004 2017 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved. Resource # 16-201 (Revised 03/17)Fill Height in FeetPipe Size (in)123456789101112131412161213998886956 3362063566154460366272178083915154613448 5667361460261764453258964670476181818146 2130783666060459360863452658363969675280 9211309128182365359858860463052558163769 374 9805241287126281464859558760362952758363 8694750805271442126481565359959160863453 0586642697753809301581127281966060559861 5640535591646702758814331443122279865159 9596615641541597653709765821361329118 7780643595595616643547603660716772829421 15 1109974

8 5627587591613641553609665721778834481019 9617136145825896126415606166737297858415 4969919689604578589613643569625681737794 8506099489067059657759061564657863469174 7804860669468656575895765926186515886447 0175881487172881844647584578595622656598 6557127698268837882782363758257959762565 9606663720777834892847828056295805806006 286646156727297868439019074 4789622580582603632668712681738795853910 9671274 961658058560663767371869074 7805862920102685723623587592614645682727 7 747578148729291086627 1162959560062365469173678376682488294011 464271563660360963166370074 5793842834892950120625720642609617640672 7097558028528449039611266 1172664961762564968171976481286291391397 11325997316516256346586907287 7482287292497698313858973664563364366769 973878483288393498799414458074 265164265267670974 77948438939459981052 Class I Class IVClass II Class VClass III Special DesignD-Load (lb/ft/ft) for Type 1 BeddingFill Height Tables are based on:1.

9 Gs = 120 pcf2. AASHTO HL-93 live load3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition - this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions4. A Type 1 Installation requires greater soil stiffness from the surrounding soils than the Type 2, 3, and 4 installations, and is thus harder to achieve. Therefore, field verification of soil properties and compaction levels should be following Fill Height Tables have been developed by the American Concrete Pipe Association (ACPA) using the indirect design method in accordance with Section of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, 7th Edition, 2014.

10 5 2017 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved. Resource # 16-201 (Revised 03/17)Fill Height in FeetPipe Size (in)151617181920212223242526272812898957 10161075113 4119 4125313121371143014891548160716661587693 39901048110 5116 3122012771335139214491507156416211886592 197810341091114 7120312601316137314291485154215982186191 797310291084114 0119 6125213081364142014761532158824861917972 10281084113 9119 5125113061362141814 74152915852786492097510311087114 2119 8125413091365142114761532158830870925981 10371093114 8120412601316137214271483153915953387793 398910451101115 7121312691325138114371493154916053688594 199810541110116