X-Ray Data Booklet

1 X-Ray data Booklet X-Ray data Booklet Center for X-Ray Optics and Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Introduction X-Ray Properties of Elements Electron Binding Energies X-Ray Energy Emission Energies Fluorescence Yields for K and L Shells Principal Auger Electron Energies Subshell Photoionization Cross-Sections Mass Absorption Coefficients Atomic scattering Factors Energy Levels of Few Electron Ions Now AvailableOrder X-Ray data Booklet (1 of 3) [2/14/2005 6:47:36 PM] X-Ray data Booklet Periodic Table of X-Ray Properties Synchrotron RadiationCharacteristics of Synchrotron RadiationHistory of X-rays and Synchrotron RadiationSynchrotron Facilities scattering ProcessesScattering of X-rays from Electrons and AtomsLow-Energy Electron Ranges in Matter Optics and DetectorsCrystal and Multilayer ElementsSpecular Reflectivities for Grazing-Incidence MirrorsGratings and MonochromatorsZone PlatesX-Ray Detectors Miscellaneous (2 of 3) [2/14/2005 6:47:36 PM] X-Ray data BookletPhysical ConstantsPhysical Properties of the ElementsElectromagnetic RelationsRadioactivity and Radiation ProtectionUseful FormulasCXRO Home | ALS Home | LBL Home Privacy and Security NoticePlease send comments or questions to 2000 (3 of 3) [2/14/2005 6:47.]

2 36 PM]Section 1 X-Ray Properties of the Elements Introduction Preface in PDF format data Booklet Authors CXRO Home | ALS Home | LBL Home Privacy and Security NoticePlease send comments or questions to 2000 [2/14/2005 6:47:37 PM]C E N T E R F O R X - R A Y O P T I C SA D V A N C E D L I G H T S O U R C EX-RAY data BOOKLETA lbert C. Thompson, David T. Attwood, Eric , Malcolm R. Howells, Jeffrey B. Kortright,Arthur L. Robinson, and James H. Underwood Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryKwang-Je Kim Argonne National LaboratoryJanos Kirz State University of New York at Stony BrookIngolf Lindau, Piero Pianetta, and Herman Winick Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryGwyn P. Williams Brookhaven National LaboratoryJames H. Scofield Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryCompiled and edited byAlbert C.

3 Thompson and Douglas Vaughan Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley, California 94720 Second edition, January 2001 This work was supported in part by the Department of Energyunder Contract No. Properties of the Electron Binding EnergiesGwyn P. Williams X-Ray Emission EnergiesJeffrey B. Kortright andAlbert C. Thompson Fluorescence Yields For K and L ShellsJeffrey B. Kortright Principal Auger Electron Energies Subshell Photoionization Cross SectionsIngolf Lindau Mass Absorption CoefficientsEric M. Gullikson Atomic scattering FactorsEric M. Gullikson Energy Levels of Few-Electron Ionic SpeciesJames H. Scofield ron Characteristics of Synchrotron RadiationKwang-Je Kim History of Synchrotron RadiationArthur L.

4 Robinson Operating and Planned FacilitiesHerman Winick scattering of X-Rays from Electrons and AtomsJanos Low-Energy Electron Ranges In MatterPiero Pianetta and Multilayers and CrystalsJames H. Underwood Specular Reflectivities for Grazing-Incidence MirrorsEric M. Gullikson Gratings and MonochromatorsMalcolm R. Howells Zone PlatesJanos Kirz and David Attwood X-Ray DetectorsAlbert C. Thompson Physical Constants Physical Properties of the Elements Electromagnetic Relations Radioactivity and Radiation Protection Useful Equations 5-17 PREFACEFor the first time since its original publication in 1985, theX-Ray data Booklet has undergone a significant values and graphical plots have been revised andupdated, and the content has been modified to reflect thechanging needs of the X-Ray community.

5 Further, the Booklet isnow posted on the web at , together with ad-ditional detail and further references for many of the before, the compilers are grateful to a host of contribu-tors who furnished new material or reviewed and revised theiroriginal sections. Also, as in the original edition, many sectionsdraw heavily on work published elsewhere, as indicated in thetext and figure captions. Thanks also to Linda Geniesse,Connie Silva, and Jean Wolslegel of the LBNL Technical andElectronic Information Department, whose skills were invalu-able and their patience apparently unlimited. Finally, we ex-press continuing thanks to David Attwood for his support ofthis project, as well as his contributions to the Booklet , and toJanos Kirz, who conceived the Booklet as a service to thecommunity and who remains an active contributor to thesecond the compilers, we take full responsibility for any errorsin this new edition, and we invite readers to bring them to ourattention at the Center for X-Ray Optics, 2-400, LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, orby e-mail at Corrections will be posted onthe web and incorporated in subsequent C.

6 ThompsonDouglas Vaughan31 January 2001 data Booklet AuthorsX-Ray data Booklet Authors Al Thompson and Doug VaughanSecond Edition Editors (1 of 3) [2/14/2005 6:47:38 PM] data Booklet Authors (2 of 3) [2/14/2005 6:47:38 PM] data Booklet Authors (3 of 3) [2/14/2005 6:47:38 PM]Section 1 X-Ray Properties of the Elements 1. X-Ray Properties of the Elements Contents Electron Binding Energies- Gwyn P. Williams X-Ray Energy Emission Energies- Jeffrey B. Kortright and Albert C. Thompson Fluorescence Yields for K and L Shells - Jeffrey B. Kortright Principal Auger Electron Energies Subshell Photoionization Cross-Sections - Ingolf Lindau Mass Absorption Coefficients - Eric M. Gullikson Atomic scattering Factors - Eric M. Gullikson Energy Levels of Few Electron Ions - James H.

7 Scofield Periodic Table of X-Ray Properties - Albert C. ThompsonCXRO Home | ALS Home | LBL Home Privacy and Security NoticePlease send comments or questions to 2000 [2/14/2005 6:47:38 PM]1 X-Ray data BookletSection ELECTRON BINDING ENERGIESGwyn P. WilliamsTable 1-1 gives the electron binding energies for the elements in their natural forms. A PDF version of this table is also available. The energies are given in electron volts relative to the vacuum level for the rare gases and for H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2; relative to the Fermi level for the metals; and relative to the top of the valence bands for semiconductors. Values have been taken from Ref. 1 except as follows:*Values taken from Ref. 2, with additional corrections Values taken from Ref. approximation not valid owing to short core-hole derived from Ref.

8 Also to R. Johnson, G. Ice, M. Olmstead, P. Dowben, M. Seah, E. Gullikson, F. Boscherini, W. O Brien, R. Alkire, and J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels, Rev. Mod. Phys. 39, 125 (1967).2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978).3. J. C. Fuggle and N. M rtensson, Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 21, 275 (1980). Elements Hydrogen (1) to Ag (47) Elements Cadmium (48) to Ytterbium(70)Elements Lutetium (71) to Uranium (92) (1 of 2) [2/14/2005 6:47:38 PM]1 (2 of 2) [2/14/2005 6:47:38 PM] Table 1-1. Electron binding energies, in electron volts, for the elements in their natural forms. Element K 1s L1 2s L2 2p1/2 L3 2p3/2 M1 3s M2 3p1/2 M3 3p3/2 M4 3d3/2 M5 3d5/2 N1 4s N2 4p1/2 N3 4p3/2 1 H 2 He * 3 Li * 4 Be * 5 B 188* 6 C * 7 N * * 8 O * * 9 F * 10 Ne * * * * 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 1839 *b 15 P 189* 136* 135* 16 S 2472 * * 17 Cl 270* 202* 200* 18 Ar * * * * * * 19 K * * * * * * * 20 Ca * 21 Sc 4492 * * * * * * 22 Ti 4966 23 V 5465 24 Cr 5989 25 Mn 6539 26 Fe

9 7112 27 Co 7709 28 Ni 8333 29 Cu 8979 30 Zn 9659 * * * * * * * * 31 Ga 10367 *b 32 Ge 11103 *b *b *b * * * 33 As 11867 *b *b *b * * * * * 34 Se 12658 *b *b *b * * * * * 35 Br 13474 1782* 1596* 1550* 257* 189* 182* 70* 69* 36 Kr 14326 1921 * * * * * * * * * 37 Rb 15200 2065 1864 1804 * * * * 112* * * * 38 Sr 16105 2216 2007 1940 39 Y 17038 2373 2156 2080 *b * * * * * 40 Zr 17998 2532 2307 2223 41 Nb 18986 2698 2465 2371 42 Mo 20000 2866 2625 2520 43 Tc 21044 3043 2793 2677 544* * * * * 44 Ru 22117 3224 2967 2838 * 45 Rh 23220 3412 3146 3004 *b 46 Pd 24350 3604 3330 3173 *b a 47 Ag 25514 3806 3524 3351 Table 1-1.

10 Electron binding energies (continued). Element K 1s L1 2s L2 2p1/2 L3 2p3/2 M1 3s M2 3p1/2 M3 3p3/2 M4 3d3/2 M5 3d5/2 N1 4s N2 4p1/2 N3 4p3/2 48 Cd 26711 4018 3727 3538 a a 49 In 27940 4238 3938 3730 a a 50 Sn 29200 4465 4156 3929 a a 51 Sb 30491 4698 4380 4132 946 a a 52 Te 31814 4939 4612 4341 1006 a a 53 I 33169 5188 4852 4557 1072* 931* 875* 186* 123* 123* 54 Xe 34561 5453 5107 4786 * * * * * * * 55 Cs 35985 5714 5359 5012 1211*b 1071* 1003* * * * * * 56 Ba 37441 5989 5624 5247 1293*b 1137*b 1063*b * 192 57 La 38925 6266 5891 5483 1362*b 1209*b 1128*b 853* 836* * * 58 Ce 40443 6549 6164 5723 1436*b 1274*b 1187*b * * * * 59 Pr 41991 6835 6440 5964 1511 1337 1242 * *