TENSES CZASY GRAMATYCZNE Present Simple

1 1 TENSES CZASY GRAMATYCZNE Present Simple (czas tera niejszy) Zastosowanie: - czynno ci sta e, regularne, powtarzaj ce si (I go to school every day.) - prawdy yciowe (The sun rises in the East.) - przyzwyczajenia (I always watch TV.) - wyra anie uczu (I like ice-cream.) - FUTURE: rozk ady jazdy, plany lekcji, repertuary kin (The bus arrives at 2 ) (+): podmiot + czasownik (V1) + reszta zdania (I go to school every day.) W zdaniu twierdz cym do 3 os. l. poj. dodajemy ko c wk -s (-es) do czasownika (She goes to school every day.) (-): operator does (3 os. l. poj.) operator do (pozosta e osoby) podmiot + do / does not + czasownik (V1) + reszta zdania (She does not go to school every day.)

2 (I do not go to school every day.) do + not = don t does + not = doesn t W pytaniach i przeczeniach w 3 os. l. poj. znika ko c wka -s (-es) (?) : do / does + podmiot + czasownik (V1) + reszta zdania (Does she go to school every day?) (Do I go to school every day?) Charakterystyczne zwroty u ywane w czasie Present Simple : Every day / week / month / Usually Sometimes Always Never Often At night On Mondays In the morning, in summer / From time to tim 2 Present Continuous ( czas tera niejszy) Zastosowanie: - czynno ci dziej ce si w danym momencie (I m reading a book now.) - czynno ci dziej ce si zbyt cz sto i irytuj ce (He s always watching TV! (instead of learning)) - sytuacje, kt re ulegaj zmianom (Computers are getting faster and faster.)

3 - FUTURE: czynno ci, kt re odb d si w niedalekiej przysz o ci (um wione spotkania, wizyty) ( I m visiting the dentist today.) (+): podmiot + to be + czasownik ( z ko c wk ing) + reszta zdania (I am doing my homework.) to be: I am (I m) You are (You re) He, She, It is (He, She, It s) We are (We re) You are (You re) They are (They re) (-): podmiot + to be + not + czasownik (z ko c wk ing) + reszta zdania (She s not doing her homework.) (?): to be + podmiot + czasownik (z ko c wk ing) + reszta zdania (Are you doing your homework?) Po s wkach zako czonych na -body , -one uzywamy czasownika w 3 os. l. poj.: Nobody is happy. Someone is drinking my tea. Zwroty charakterystyczne dla czas Present Continuous: Now At the moment At Present Nowadays Today Tonight This week /month / year / weekend 3 past Simple (czas przesz y) Zastosowanie: - przyzwyczajenia z przesz o ci (He rode his bike to school.)

4 - czynno ci przesz e niemaj ce zwi zku z tera niejszo ci (Shakespeare wrote 36 plays.) - przesz e czynno ci (I went to the NY last year.) (+): podmiot + czasownik (V2/-ed) + reszta zdania (see irregular verbs) (I saw you yesterday.) Do czasownik w regularnych dodajemy ko c wk ed : play played, enjoy enjoyed, watch watched .. (-): operator did (do wszystkich os b) podmiot + did + not + czasownik (V1 !) + reszta zdania (I did not see you then.) did + not = didn t (?): operator did (do wszystkich os b) did + podmiot + czasownik (V1 !) + reszta zdania (Did you watch TV yesterday?) W pytaniach i przeczeniach czasownik wraca do podstawowej formy! Zwroty charakterystyczne dla czasu past Simple : Yesterday Last week / month / year / Summer.

5 Ago (2 years ago, 2 days ago) Then When In 1992 .. 4 past Continuous (czas przesz y) Zastosowanie: - czynno ci, kt re dzia y si w jakim czasie w przesz o ci (At 3 o clock yesterday I was walking back home.) - opisy t a wydarze w opowiadaniach (It was snowing and the wind was blowing.) past Continuous + past Simple (d u sza czynno przerwana kr tsz ) (I was riding my bike when my phone rang.) past Continuous + past Continuous (czynno ci dziej ce si jednocze nie) (It was snowing and the wind was blowing.) past Simple + past Simple ( czynno ci dziej ce sie po kolei) (I cooked dinner and ate it.) (+): podmiot + was/were + czasownik (z ko c wk -ing ) + reszta zdania (I was doing my homework.) I was We were You were You were He, She, It was They were (-): podmiot + was/were +not + czasownik (z ko c wk -ing ) +reszta zdania (She wasn t playing cards whole day.)

6 Was + not = wasn t Were + not = weren t (?): was/were + podmiot + czasownik (z ko c wk -ing ) +reszta zdania (Were you doing your homework yesterday?) past Continuous -> w trakcie wykonywania jakiej czynno ci past Simple -> Czynno wykonana Zwroty charakterystyczne dla czasu past Continuous: While When As The moment that 5 Present Perfect (czas dotera niejszy) Zastosowanie: - czynno rozpocz a si w przesz o ci i trwa nadal (I ve had a dog since I was a child.) - czynno , kt ra si zako czy a przed chwil (I ve just eaten my breakfast.) - czynno , kt ra si zako czy a w przesz o ci, ale my wp yw / skutek w tera niejszo ci (I ve lost my keys (and I can t enter the house.)) - jak wiele razy jaka czynno mia a miejsce (She s called you twice already this morning.)

7 Czynno ci zako czone - czynno ci, kt re robimy po raz pierwszy -> do wiadczenia yciowe (It s the first time I ve driven a car.)(I ve been in NY.) gone to pojecha gdzie i nadal tam by been to pojecha gdzie i wr ci been in pojecha gdzie i by tam w danej chwili (+): podmiot + have / has + czasownik (V3/-ed) + reszta zdania (see Irregular verbs) (I have seen this film three times.) I have (I ve) We have (We ve) You have (You ve) You have (You ve) He, She, It has (He s) They have (They ve) (-): podmiot + have / has+not + czasownik (V3/-ed) + reszta zdania (I haven t seen you for agens.) has + not = hasn t have + not = haven t (?): Have / Has + podmiot + czasownik (V3/-ed) + reszta zdania (Have you seen this film before?)

8 Zwroty charakterystyczne dla czasu Present Perfect: Just For (a period of time) Since (point in time) Yet (I haven t finished yet.) (Have you finished yet?) Lately (I have done nothing lately) Recently (What have you done recently?) Never Ever So far Already 6 Present Perfect Continuous Zastosowanie: - czynnosci, kt re nie s sko czone; nacisk na czynno , nie na skutek (I ve been painting the fence all day.) - gdy m wimy jak d ugo cos si dzia o (I ve been shouting your name for the five minutes.) - nacis na trwanie czynno i (He has been feeling unwell for days.) (+): podmiot + have / has + been + czasownik (z ko c wk -ing ) + reszta zdania (I have been watching TV for two hours.) (She has been watching TV for two hours.)

9 (-): podmiot + have / has+not + been + czasow. (z ko c wk -ing ) + reszta zdania (I have not been watching TV for two hours.) (She has not been watching TV for two hours.) have + not = haven t has + not = hasn t (?): have / has + podmiot + been + czasownik (z ko c wk -ing ) + reszta zdania (Has she been watching TV for two hours?) Zwroty charakterystyczne dla czasu Present Perfect Continuous: How long Recently Since So far For Already Yet Ever Never 7 past Perfect (czas zaprzesz y) Zastosowanie: - gdy m wimy o czynno ci, kt ra wydarzy a si przed inna czynno ci w przesz o ci (When I woke up everyone had left.) - czynno zako czona, kt ra ma widzialny rezultat/efekt w przesz o ci (She felt much safer after she had locked all the doors.)

10 (+): podmiot + had + czasownik (V3/-ed) + reszta zdania (I had done that before the deadline.) (She had done that before the deadline.) (-): podmiot + had + not + czasownik (V3/-ed) + reszta zdania (I had not done that before the deadline.) (She had not done that before the deadline.) had + not = hadn t (?): had + podmiot + czasownik (V3/-ed) + reszta zdania (Had I done that before the deadline?) (Had she done that before the deadline?) Zwroty charakterystyczne dla czasu past Perfect: Since For Already After Before By By the time 8 past Perfect Continuous Zastosowanie: - czynno , kt ra mia a miejsce / kt ra dzia a si do danego czasu w przesz o ci (She had been looking for this book, before she found it.)