Can you identify and name the various items used in …

1 Everything available in our environmentwhich can be used to satisfy our needs,provided, it is technologically accessible,economically feasible and culturallyacceptable can be termed as Resource .The process of transformation of thingsavailable in our environment involves aninter- dependent relationship betweennature, technology and institutions. Humanbeings interact with nature throughtechnology and create institutions toaccelerate their economic you think that resources are free giftsof nature as is assumed by many? Theyare not. Resources are a function of humanactivities. Human beings themselves areessential components of resources. Theytransform material available in ourenvironment into resources and use resources can be classified in thefollowing ways (a)On the basis of origin biotic and abiotic(b)On the basis of exhaustibility renewableand non-renewable(c)On the basis of ownership individual,community, national and international(d)On the basis of status of development potential, developed stock and you identify and name the various itemsused in making life comfortable in ourvillages and towns.

2 List the items and namethe material used in their : Interdependent relationship betweennature, technology and institutionsFig. : Classification of resources2015-162 CONTEMPORARY INDIA IITYPES OF RESOURCESOn the Basis of OriginBiotic Resources: These are obtained frombiosphere and have life such as human beings,flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock Resources: All those things which arecomposed of non-living things are called abioticresources. For example, rocks and the Basis of ExhaustibilityRenewable Resources: The resourceswhich can be renewed or reproduced byphysical, chemical or mechanical processesare known as renewable or replenishableresources. For example, solar and windenergy, water, forests and wildlife, etc. Therenewable resource may further be dividedinto continuous or flow ( ).Non-Renewable Resources: These occur overa very long geological time. Minerals and fossilfuels are examples of such resources.

3 Theseresources take millions of years in theirformation. Some of the resources like metalsare recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannotbe recycled and get exhausted with their the Basis of OwnershipIndividual Resources: These are also ownedprivately by individuals. Many farmers ownland which is allotted to them by governmentagainst the payment of revenue. In villagesthere are people with land ownership but thereare many who are landless. Urban people ownplots, houses and other property. Plantation,pasture lands, ponds, water in wells etc. aresome of the examples of resources ownershipby individuals. Make a list of resources ownedby your Owned Resources: There areresources which are accessible to all themembers of the community. Village commons(grazing grounds, burial grounds, villageponds, etc.) public parks, picnic spots,playgrounds in urban areas are de factoaccessible to all the people living Resources: Technically, all theresources belong to the nation.

4 The countryhas legal powers to acquire even privateproperty for public good. You might have seenroads, canals, railways being constructed onfields owned by some individuals. UrbanDevelopment Authorities get empowered by thegovernment to acquire land. All the minerals,water resources, forests, wildlife, land withinthe political boundaries and oceanic area upto12 nautical miles ( km) from the coasttermed as territorial water and resourcestherein belong to the Resources: There areinternational institutions which regulate someresources. The oceanic resources beyond 200nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zonebelong to open ocean and no individualcountry can utilise these without theconcurrence of international you know that India has got the right tomine manganese nodules from the bed ofthe Indian Ocean from that area which liesbeyond the exclusive economic zone. Identifysome other resources which are internationalin the Basis of the Status of DevelopmentPotential Resources: Resources which arefound in a region, but have not been example, the western parts of Indiaparticularly Rajasthan and Gujarat haveenormous potential for the development of windand solar energy, but so far these have not beendeveloped Resources: Resources which aresurveyed and their quality and quantity havebeen determined for utilisation.

5 Thedevelopment of resources depends ontechnology and level of their : Materials in the environment whichhave the potential to satisfy human needs buthuman beings do not have the appropriatetechnology to access these, are included amongIdentify at least two resources from AND DEVELOPMENT stock. For example, water is a compound oftwo inflammable gases; hydrogen and oxygen,which can be used as a rich source of we do not have the required technical know-how to use them for this , it can be considered as are the subset of the stock, whichcan be put into use with the help of existingtechnical know-how but their use has notbeen started. These can be used for meetingfuture requirements. River water can be usedfor generating hydroelectric power butpresently, it is being utilised only to a limitedextent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests a reserve which can be used in the equitable distribution of resources hasbecome essential for a sustained quality of lifeand global peace.

6 If the present trend of resourcedepletion by a few individuals and countriescontinues, the future of our planet is in , resource planning is essential forsustainable existence of all forms of existence is a component ofsustainable a list of stock and reserve, resourcesthat you are familiar with from your local OF RESOURCESR esources are vital for human survival as wellas for maintaining the quality of life. It wasbelieved that resources are free gifts of a result, human beings used themindiscriminately and this has led to thefollowing major problems. Depletion of resources for satisfying thegreed of few individuals. Accumulation of resources in few hands, which,in turn, divided the society into two haves and have nots or rich and poor. Indiscriminate exploitation of resources hasled to global ecological crises such as, globalwarming, ozone layer depletion, environmentalpollution and land , if the oil supply gets exhaustedone day, how would this affect our life style?

7 A survey in your colony/village toinvestigate people s attitude towardsrecycling of the domestic/agriculturalwastes. Ask questions about :(a)What do they think about resourcesthey use?(b)What is their opinion about thewastes, and its utilisation?(c)Collage your developmentSustainable economic development means development should take place withoutdamaging the environment, and developmentin the present should not compromise with theneeds of the future generations. Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992In June 1992, more than 100 heads of statesmet in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the firstInternational Earth Summit. The Summit wasconvened for addressing urgent problems ofenvironmental protection and socio-economic development at the global assembled leaders signed theDeclaration on Global Climatic Change andBiological Diversity. The Rio Conventionendorsed the global Forest Principles andadopted Agenda 21 for achievingSustainable Development in the 21st 21It is the declaration signed by world leadersin 1992 at the United Nations Conferenceon Environment and Development (UNCED),which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

8 Itaims at achieving global sustainabledevelopment. It is an agenda to combatenvironmental damage, poverty, diseasethrough global co-operation on commoninterests, mutual needs and sharedresponsibilities. One major objective of theAgenda 21 is that every local governmentshould draw its own local Agenda PLANNINGP lanning is the widely accepted strategy forjudicious use of resources. It has importance2015-164 CONTEMPORARY INDIA IIin a country like India, which has enormousdiversity in the availability of resources. Thereare regions which are rich in certain types ofresources but are deficient in some otherresources. There are some regions which canbe considered self sufficient in terms of theavailability of resources and there are someregions which have acute shortage of some vitalresources. For example, the states ofJharkhand, Chhattisgarh and MadhyaPradesh are rich in minerals and coal Pradesh has abundance of waterresources but lacks in infrastructuraldevelopment.

9 The state of Rajasthan is very wellendowed with solar and wind energy but lacksin water resources. The cold desert of Ladakhis relatively isolated from the rest of thecountry. It has very rich cultural heritage butit is deficient in water, infrastructure and somevital minerals. This calls for balanced resourceplanning at the national, state, regional andlocal availability of resources is a necessarycondition for the development of any region, butmere availability of resources in the absence ofcorresponding changes in technology andinstitutions may hinder development. There aremany regions in our country that are rich inresources but these are included in economicallybackward regions. On the contrary there aresome regions which have a poor resource basebut they are economically you name some resource rich buteconomically backward regions and someresource poor but economically developedregions?

10 Give reasons for such a history of colonisation reveals that richresources in colonies were the main attractionsfor the foreign invaders. It was primarily thehigher level of technological development of thecolonising countries that helped them toexploit resources of other regions and establishtheir supremacy over the colonies. Therefore,resources can contribute to development onlywhen they are accompanied by appropriatetechnological development and institutionalchanges. India has experienced all this indifferent phases of colonisation. Therefore, inIndia, development, in general, and resourcedevelopment in particular does not only involvethe availability of resources, but also thetechnology, quality of human resources andthe historical experiences of the of Resources: Resources arevital for any developmental activity. Butirrational consumption and over-utilisationof resources may lead to socio-economic andenvironmental problems.