Carbon Nanotube Analysis - horiba.com

1 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Nanotube AnalysisParticle Analysis : Jeffrey Bodycomb, : Adam Gilmore, 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights M. Gilmore, Fluorescence Product ManagerComplementary Size and Aspect Ratio Analysis of SWCNTs: Photoluminescence Excitation-Emission Mapping 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights and My Wife 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved.(0,0)Ch= (10,5)SWCNTs are graphene Roll-upsa1a2xy 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights are SWCNTs Significant?2 Major SWCNT families: 2/3 =Semiconducting: photo- and electro-luminescence (PL/EL), field-effect transistors (FETs) Precise size and bandgap selection for device engineering Bright, non-blinking PL/EL for chemical and biological sensing NIR emission- fits ideally in biological window Faciliate dense transistor networks 1/3 =Metallic: high electric and thermal conductivity, efficient connectors Faciliate transparent conductive films (TCFs) Enhanced efficiency photovoltaic materials 2012 HORIBA, Ltd.

2 All rights Hot News Flashes Effects of Gamma radiation characterized, show promise for medical apps and sterilization CNTs can divert heat from current flow in devices CNTs enhance photoacoustic imaging of tumours SWCNTs may replace ITO in solar cells Strain paint-stress changes shape and absorbance-emission spectra-aircraft Sub-10 nm SWCNT transistors more efficient than predicted by models 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights : More Big News in 2012 Discovery of how sonication shortens and damages SWCNTs Not all tubes are cylindrical they can be flattened, like graphene , as long as their diameter is wide enough (> 2 nm) Chiral selection possible by growth on stainless steel wires Selective dispersion methods improved for chiralselection.

3 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights : PL Def:Subsequent emission of light from a material caused by light it had previously absorbed. Semiconductor PL: Light emission from around the semiconductor material s bandgap energy level excited by absorption of light energy above the material s bandgap energy level. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Confinement Effect The major principle defining the relationship between a nanoparticles physical diameter and it s bandgapenergy The Bohr-Exciton Radius for a bulk semiconductor material can be defined is the physical distance (in nm) between the electron and it s hole across the bandgap. When the diameter of a nanoparticle of a material is smaller than it s Bohr-Exciton Radius the nanoparticle s bandgap is inversely related to the diameter of the nanoparticle due to quantum confinement.

4 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights of electron statesEnergyv2v1c1c2543210-1-2-3-4-50 2 4 6 8 10 ConductionValenceExciton Bohr Radiuse-+dtRadiusTuneable Bandgap 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights bandsValence bandsDensity of electron statesEnergyv2 BAND GAPv1c1c2543210-1-2-3-4-50 2 4 6 8 10 e-+e-e-absorption v2-c2 NIRfluorescence c1-v1e-e-e- 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights J. O Connell et al., Science 297 (2002) 593S. M. Bachilo et al., Science 298 (2002) Nonfluorescent SWNT-SDS aggregates are sonicated2. Single SWNTs are suspended3. Centrifugation separates fluorescent SWCNTsSuspension of SWNTs for PL 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Characterization of SWNTsBachilo et al.

5 (2002) Science 298:2361-2363 22 11 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights : Steady StateNIR DetectorInGaAs ArrayStandard: 800-1700 nmExtended: 1100-2200 nmDispersive Element for Sample EmissioniHR-320 mm Spectrographwith Triple Kinematic Grating TurretDispersive Element for Exciting LightDouble-grating monochromatorSteady State White Light SourceVisible DetecorLN Cooled OE CCDS tandard: 200-1000 nmSampling OpticsRight-angleFront-Face 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights iHR-320 Any 2 Detectors CCDs InGaAs Arrays PIN Diodes Photomultipliers Steady State- 10 ms TCSPC-50 ps MCS-20 ns Microchannel Plate PMTs 5 ps TCSPCK inematic Grating Turret200 nm 3000 nm 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Walled Carbon Nanotubes(SWCNTs) SWCNTs can be characterized using photoluminesence spectroscopy for: Diameter Helical twisting (chirality) Length Bundling-(SWCNT to SWCNT interactions) 2012 HORIBA, Ltd.

6 All rights Yields Multidimensional Data Diameter: absorbance and emission peaks correlate according to quantum confinement rules, smaller SWCNTs higher energy Helical twisting (chirality): absorbance and emission peak energies are also influenced secondarily, and nonlinearly according to the SWCNT families Length: intensity of absorbance extinciton and emisison intensity correlate. Bundling: energy transfer from smaller (donor) to larger (acceptor) diameter SWCNTs influences relationship between absorbance and emission peak intensities. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Transfer in BundlesEnergy Transfers from Narrow SWNTs (Wide-Bandgap) to Wider SWNTs (Narrow Bandgap) 2012 HORIBA, Ltd.

7 All rights Dependent SWCNT PL 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Absorbance Spectra 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Nanolog -EXT Deeper NIR Excitation and Emission ranges are needed for larger diameter SWCNTs Larger diameter SWCNTs with small bandgaps are important for device Components:1. Tunable Mainframe CW TiS Laser2. Extended InGaAs Array (1100-2200 nm) 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights 3900S Power Ti-S Laser Tuning from 700-1000 nm Useful for SWCNTs from nm The only light source compatible with extended InGaAs array for large diameter SWCNTs HORIBA Tuning Software with SMCC100 Stepper Motor Controller 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights 5W Pump Power 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights g x 500 nm300 g x 750 nmR928P(290-850 nm)180F1200 g x 500 nmExt IGA (3L dewar)100 g x 800 nm150 g x 2000 nmStd IGA (3L dewar)100 g x 800 nm600g x 1000 nmiHR320 FAAFL-1039FC-OP-LiO3 Laser interlockAttenuating /Beam expansion opticsDM303Si diodeFF/RA3900S with SMCC100 2012 HORIBA, Ltd.

8 All rights Dia. SWCNT Absorbance 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Diameter SWCNTs EEM 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights 2011-2012 SWCNTs: TOP TEN STORIES 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights the Future of Nanotechnology with HORIBA!

9 Thank You for Your Attention!Please visit us 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Nanotube AnalysisParticle Analysis : Jeffrey Bodycomb, : Adam Gilmore, 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights is Dynamic Light Scattering? Dynamic light scattering refers to measurement and interpretation of light scattering data on a microsecond time scale. Dynamic light scattering can be used to determine Particle/molecular size Size distribution Relaxations in complex fluids 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Light Scattering Techniques Static Light Scattering: over a duration of ~1 second. Used for determining particle size (diameters greater than 10 nm), polymer molecular weight, 2ndvirial coefficient, Rg.

10 Electrophoretic Light Scattering: use Doppler shift in scattered light to probe motion of particles due to an applied electric field. Used for determining electrophoretic mobility, zeta potential. 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights Diameter ( m) and SlurriesDLS SZ-100 Electron MicroscopePowdersFineCoarseMicroscopy CamSizerLaser Diffraction - LA950 Acoustic Spectroscopy Electrozone SensingDisc-Centrifuge (CPS)Light 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights in suspension undergo Brownian motion due to solvent molecule bombardment in random thermal motion. Brownian Motion Random Related to Size Related to viscosity Related to temperatureBrownian Motion 2012 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights signal Random motion of particles leads to random fluctuations in signal (due to changing constructive/destructive interference of scattered light.)