Preoperative Fasting
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ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery
www.espen.orgPreoperative fasting from midnight is unnecessary in most patients. Patients undergoing surgery, who are considered to have no specific risk of aspiration, shall drink clear fluids until 2 h before anesthesia. Solids shall be allowed until 6 h before anesthesia.
公益社団法人日本麻酔科学会 術前絶飲食ガイドライン
anesth.or.jppreoperative fasting in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology 1990;72(4) ：593-597. [12] Miller BR, Tharp JA, Issacs WB ： Gastric residual volume in infants and children following a 3-hour fast. J Clin Anesth 1990;2(5)：301-305. [13] Splinter WM, Schaefer JD ： Ingestion of clear fluids is safe for adolescents up to 3 h before anaesthesia.
MANAGEMENT OF CHOLELITHIASIS & CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
www.kimsmedicalcollege.orgpatient is fasting for more than 5 days, with a 40% false-positive rate. CT Scan Not useful in benign biliary disease. Useful when Carcinoma gallbladder is suspected ... Unsuccessful preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for choledocholithiasis .
Serum Iron Studies - Quest Diagnostics
www.questdiagnostics.com• Preoperative autologous blood collection(s) • Malignant, chronic inflammatory and infectious conditions associated with anemia which may present in a similar manner to iron deficiency anemia • Following a significant surgical procedure where blood loss had occurred and had not been repaired with adequate iron replacement www.cms.gov