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LoRa® and LoRaWAN®: A Technical Overview
lora-developers.semtech.comFeb 11, 2020 · Figure 3: OSI seven-layer network model In a traditional or Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) system, the carrier phase of the transmitter signal changes according to a code sequence as shown in Figure 4. When multiplying the data signal with a pre-defined bit pattern at a much higher rate, also known as a spreading code (or chip sequence), a
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
www.cse.wustl.eduthe classical OSI seven-layer networking model. Because ATM is asynchronous, it provides true bandwidth-on-demand. Additionally, ATM is capable of handling any form of informa-tion (e.g., data, voice, video, audio, e-mail, faxes), moving this information quickly across a network with millions of virtual paths and channels between end-user equipment