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1 1 1 2 2 Polymer 1 - - - (Polymer nomenclature) - 2 - - (Isomer) - - - - 1.. 2552. ( 1).. 2. Malcolm P. Stevens. 1999. Polymer Chemistry: an introduction (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 3.. 2536. ( 8).. 1 ? - - - - (cellulose), , - - 3 Polymer ?

2 Polymer poly = many meros = part Polymer (repeating unit monomer ) ( ) nCH2=CH2 polymerisation [-CH2-CH2-]n polyethylene ethylene styrene polystyrene CHH2 CCH*H2C*nnpolymerisation polymer monomer 4 5 Macromolecule Macromolecule lipid 6 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): DNA nucleotides nucleotide 5 deoxyribose nucleotide DNA 4 A = adenine G = guanine C = cytosine T = thymine 1.

3 (Natural polymers) (Synthetic polymers) polyvinylchloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) 7 8 2. (linear polymers) linear polyethylene (branched polymers) branch point.

4 monomer monomer comb star branch branch 9 (network or crosslinked polymers) (ladder polymers) (semi-ladder polymers) Poly(isoprene) Crosslinked Poly(isoprene) Sulfur **CH3n+SSSSSSSSCHCHCH2H2 CCHHCCH2H2 CCHCHCH2H2 CCHHCCH2 CHCHCH2H2 CCHCHCH2H2 CCHHCCH2H2 CCCCH2H2 CCHHCCH2 CHCHCH2H2 CCHCHCH2H2 CCHHCCH2H2 CCHCHCH2H2 CCHHCCH2 CHCHCH2H2 CSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS ladder Semi-ladder 10 3.

5 (homopolymers) (copolymers) 2 (random copolymers) 2 ( A B) poly(A-ran-B) ---ABBBAABBABABAAAB--- monomer Polymer Ethylene CH2=CH2 Polyethylene -(CH2-CH2)n- Propylene CH2=CH-CH3 Polypropylene (CH(CH3)-CH2)n- Styrene Polystyrene HCCH2 CHH2Cn-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A- 11 (alternating copolymers) poly(A-alt-B) ---ABABABABABABABAB--- (block copolymers) 2 (diblock) 3 (triblock) ---AAAABBBB--- AB diblock copolymer ---AAABBBAAA--- ABA triblock copolymer (graft copolymers) 2 ---AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA--- B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B 12 4.

6 (plastics) (viscous fluid) 2 (thermoplastics) Polyethylene Polystyrene Polyvinylchloride Poly( methyl methacrylate ) (transparent thermoplastic) 13 (thermosetting plastic or thermosets) (crosslinking reaction) Melamine formaldehyde Polyurethane Polyimide (fiber) (rayon)

7 14 (elastomers) rubber (styrene-butadiene rubber, SBR), (polyisoprene) SBR Natural rubber rubber band ( natural rubber) (foams) (foaming agents) (adhesives) cyanoacrylate superglue, epoxy (surface coating agents) (paint) Poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methylmethacrylate), Polyurethanes 15 3 ( ) (petroleum) (coals) 1.

8 ( ) 2. 16 (~1000 C) (Petrol Gasoline) (Parafin Kerosene) (Benzene) (Diesel) (Lubricants)

9 (Fuel oils) 17 (CaO) H2O + C H2 + CO (CaC2) - - - CaO + 3 C CaC2 + CO 18 3. (crude oil) (fractional distillation) ( C) < 30 C1 - C4 (LPG) 30 - 110 C5 C7 (Naphtha) 65 - 170 C6 C12 (Gasoline) 170 - 250 C10 C14 (Kerosene or paraffin oil) 250 - 340 C14 C19 (Diesel) > 350 C19 C35 > 400 C35 C40 (Fuel oil)

10 > 400 C40 C50 > 400 > C50 19 Cracking Polyethylene Polystyrene Polyacrylonitrile Polyvinylchloride Butadiene SBR Nitrile rubber Polybutadiene Ethylene Butyl rubber Methane Butylene Polyisobutylene Polymethylmethacrylate Polyacrylonitrile Phenol polypropylene Propylene Naphtha 20 Source: Typical Composition of Natural Gas Methane CH4 70-90% Ethane C2H6 0-20% Propane C3H8 Butane C4H10 Carbon Dioxide CO2 0-8% Oxygen O2 Nitrogen N2 0-5% Hydrogen sulphide H2S 0-5% Rare gases A, He, Ne, Xe trace Urea Acetylene Ammonia Formaldehyde Polyformaldehyde Phenol - formaldehyde Melamine-formaldehyde Methanol Methane Urea - formaldehyde Natural Gas 21 (Polymer nomenclature) 1.