13108 - NCERT

1 Basics in Education Basics in Education Textbook for B. Ed. Course Textbook for Course 13108 . NCERT . ISBN 978-93-5007-283-7. Basics in Education Textbook for B. Ed. Course ISBN 978-93-5007-283-7. First Edition June 2014 Jyaishtha 1936 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, PD 1 T MJ photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. This book is sold subject to the condition that it National Council of Educational shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold, hired Research and Training, 2014 out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published.

2 The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page, Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. OFFICES OF THE PUBLICATION. DIVISION, NCERT . NCERT Campus Sri Aurobindo Marg New Delhi 110 016 Phone : 011-26562708. 108, 100 Feet Road Hosdakere Halli Extension Banashankari III Stage Bangalore 560 085 Phone : 080-26725740. Navjivan Trust Building ` Ahmedabad 380 014 Phone : 079-27541446. CWC Campus Opp. Dhankal Bus Stop Panihati Kolkata 700 114 Phone : 033-25530454.

3 CWC Complex Maligaon Guwahati 781 021 Phone : 0361-2674869. Publication Team Head, Publication : N. K. Gupta Division Chief Production : Kalyan Banerjee Officer Printed on 80 GSM paper with NCERT . watermark Chief Editor : Shveta Uppal Chief Business : Gautam Ganguly Published at the Publication Divsion Manager by the Secretary, National Council of Educational Research and Editorial Assistant : Mathew John Training, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Production Assistant : Subodh Srivastava Delhi 110 016 and printed at Karan Press (A Unit of KBT Plastics Pvt.)

4 Ltd.) A-215, Sector-83, Noida Foreword What is Education'? What is its primary purpose, and what is not? Which approaches support it, and at which levels of cognition? So many basic questions that many of our trained teachers', among others, ask. And very few fora to discuss the limited responses they have found so far. Therefore, the need for a book of this kind, on basic concepts and introductions to various relevant theories, was felt. The present textbook, Basics in Education', is related to one of the core components of the two-year B.

5 Ed. Programme, introduced by NCERT recently. It aims to help the student- teachers understand and analyse diverse concepts related to education, their premises and contexts. It discusses crucial concepts like the nature and goals of education, the processes of education, different forms of knowledge and the process of knowing, organisation of knowledge in school curriculum, autonomy of the teachers and the learners, and the role of education in inculcating values among children. The textbook has been written in a self-instructional format, which provides the student-teachers with considerable scope for engaging in the processes of inquiry, critical analysis and intellectual discourse.

6 Each chapter, in addition to the relevant content, carries Learning Checks, Activities, Summary, Review Questions, and References/Further Readings, providing opportunities to the student-teachers to engage with those concepts. As you go through it, you will see that the material reflects and propagates inclusiveness too. The NCERT gratefully acknowledges the joint effort of all the educationists involved in preparing this material, and particularly Professor Bharati Baveja for reviewing it. We hope that the book will be a meaningful resource to student-teachers, teachers, teacher-educators and all stakeholders in the schooling systems in our country.

7 We would appreciate receiving feedback from you to bring further improvements in the book, which can be sent to the Editor of the book, Professor Srivastava (e-mail: Parvin Sinclair Director New Delhi National Council of Educational June 2014 Research and Training iv Textbook Development Team Contributors Chanchal Goel, Lecturer, District Institute of Education and Training, Pitampura, New Delhi ) Chapter 7. Daya Pant, Professor and Head, department of Educational Psychology and Foundations, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi ) Chapter 10.

8 Arora, Professor and Head (Retd.), department of Teacher Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi Chapter 2. Girishwar Misra, Professor, department of Psychology, university of Delhi, Delhi (e-mail: com) Chapter 11. Kiran Walia, Associate Professor, department of Teacher Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi Chapter 8. Manjula P. Rao, Professor, Regional Institute of Education, Mysore. (e-mail: Chapter 1. Naresh K. Gupta, Associate Professor, Division of Educational Research, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.)

9 (e-mail: Chapter 3. Poonam Agrawal, Professor, Division of Educational Research, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi (e-mail: Chapter 9. Ramesh Babu B., Professor at Regional Institute of Education, Bhopal (e-mail: Chapter 4. Sunil Behari Mohanty, (Retd.) Professor of Education, presently residing at Puducherry (e-mail: ) Chapter 6. Uma Vyas, Associate Professor and Head, Departmnet of Teacher Education, Bareilly College, Bareily ) Chapter 5. Editor Ashok K. Srivastava, Professor and Head, Division of Educational Research, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi ).)

10 Reviewer Bharati Baveja, Professor, department of Education, university of Delhi, Delhi vi Acknowledgement A number of scholars contributed towards the development of the textbook. The planning meeting was held in January 2010. The following scholars contributed towards the planning of the book: Professor M. Sen Gupta, Gurgaon;. Professor Usha Devi, ISEC, Bangalore; Professor Senapati, RIE Bhubaneswar; Professor Arora, Gurgaon;. Dr. Minal Narawane, Pune; Professor Mishra, NERIE, Shillong; Professor Srivastava, NCERT ; and Dr.