2016 - ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (JEFFERIES) - Amazon S3

1 1 2016 - ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ( jefferies ) Vocabulary .. 8 Themes .. 9 Theoretical & Philosophical Justifications of ENVIRONMENTAL Regulation .. 9 ENVIRONMENTAL Law s Legitimacy .. 9 Sources of ENVIRONMENTAL Law .. 9 Competing Paradigms Equilibirum vs non-Equilibrium .. 10 Backdrop .. 10 Canadian ENVIRONMENTAL Protection Act, 1999 .. 11 Ethical/Moral Legitimacy of ENVIRONMENTAL Law .. 11 How does the legitimacy and mode of implementation Challenge Legal Structures? .. 11 ENVIRONMENTAL Law: Ethics or Science (Dan Tarlock) Non-Equilibrium Paradigm .. 11 The Everglades and Putting Nature Back Together .. 12 Uncertainty and the Non-Equilibrium Paradigm: Is There a Junk Ecology Problem? .. 12 Toward a New ENVIRONMENTAL Ethic .. 12 A New, Science-Based ENVIRONMENTAL Ethic .. 13 ENVIRONMENTAL Law s Evolution in Canada .. 13 Evolution over time of ENVIRONMENTAL law: .. 13 Modern ENVIRONMENTAL Law.

2 13 ENVIRONMENTAL Management is NOT a new Phenomenon .. 13 Highly Connected to Democracy .. 14 4 Phased Evolution .. 14 Phase 1: Common Law Rights & Early Statutes .. 14 Cambridge Water v Eastern Counties Leather plc, [Eng HL 1994] not liable Rylands v Fletcher .. 15 Ernst v Encana, AER, Alberta Environment, SCC 2016 .. 16 Phase 2: Waste Control & Clean-up Laws .. 16 Phase 3: Toxic Control Laws .. 17 CEPA, 1999 .. 17 R v Hydro Quebec, [1997] 3 SCR 213 CEPA declared within federal jurisdiction jurisdiction over the environment .. 18 Phase 4: Comprehensive ENVIRONMENTAL Assessment + Planning and Management Schemes .. 18 Context and Challenges of ENVIRONMENTAL Law .. 18 5 Associated Trends in the Evolution of ENVIRONMENTAL Law .. 18 Impending provincial-federal conflict .. 19 Complexity .. 19 Implications for ENVIRONMENTAL Law .. 20 Law as a transformative agent of change .. 20 Complexity in Action: Land-use Change.

3 20 The Urban Sprawl Dilemma .. 21 Ontario s Approach .. 21 Alberta s Approach: Alberta Land Stewardship Act .. 22 Other Innovative Actions .. 22 CAUTION for Municipal Action - Municipal Bylaws must identify a MUNICIPAL PURPOSE .. 22 Eng v City of Toronto municipal bylaw against shark fins struck down .. 23 Shell Products Canada v Vancouver - refusing Shell products B/c of operations in South Africa .. 23 International ENVIRONMENTAL 23 Sources of International Law .. 24 2 Treaty Law .. 25 Customary Law .. 26 Customary Principles of law .. 26 Trail Smelter Arbitration - Good Neighborliness prohibition on transboundary harm .. 27 River Oder Case: Equitable utilization of shared resources .. 27 Corfu Channel Case: Duty to inform and give prior notice .. 27 Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay, 2010 procedural Requirement for Env. Impact Assessment27 Soft Law .. 27 Institutions of International Law.

4 28 Implications for Domestic ENVIRONMENTAL 29 Example: Process of creating and implementing ENVIRONMENTAL law in Canada .. 29 Spraytech v Hudson: Canada Lt e (Spraytech, Soci t d'arrosage) v. Hudson (2001 SCC) precautionary principle Municipal Jurisdiction .. 29 Legal Principle of Sustainability .. 30 R v Eldin ( 2016 ) - Drycleaner fined $20,000 for ENVIRONMENTAL infractions using PERC as cleaning agent, contrary to Tetrachloroethylene Regulations .. 30 Sustainability: The Basic Definition .. 31 Basic Requirements for Sustainability .. 31 Sustainability: A Legal Principle .. 31 Context of Canada s Role .. 32 Fisheries Act Case 32 Operationalizing Sustainability improving the Fisheries Act .. 33 Inherent Sustainability Conditions: .. 33 Operational Sustainability Conditions .. 34 Canada s Crumbing Sustainability Fa ade: Or, Whether Citizen Sustainability Interventions can help Fix its Foundation?

5 Cam jefferies .. 34 Part I: Discourse Analysis & Sustainable Development .. 34 Discourse Analysis? .. 34 Climate change action .. 35 Habitat and Ecosystem Protection: Executive Inaction and Movement Away from Ecosystem-based Management .. 35 Part III: Fixing the Foundation - Litigation .. 35 Friends of the Earth v The Minister of the Environment ( Friends of the Earth ) judicial review of executive action on KPIA - dismissed .. 36 Turp v Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada ( Turp ) judicial review of withdrawal from Kyoto Protocol - Dismissed .. 36 Western Canada Wilderness Committee et al v Minister of Fisheries and Minister of the Environment judicial review of Ministerial delay on SARA application granted .. 36 Canadian ENVIRONMENTAL Federalism .. 36 Who is responsible for ENVIRONMENTAL regulation and stewardship? .. 36 Federalism .. 36 Alternative Approaches.

6 37 Laboratories of Democracy Provinces and Municipalities .. 37 Confirmation of Division of Powers .. 37 Friends of the Oldman River Society v Canada (Minister of Transport) (SCC 1992) Guideline Order for Env Assessment Law Feds/Provinces can Regulate Environment .. 38 R v. Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd, [1988] 1 401 POGG National Concern Doctrine for Federal power over dumping in ocean .. 39 R v. Hydro-Quebec, [1997] 3 213 CEPA Intra Vires in Regulating chemical release into Env. Criminal Law Power s. 91(27) .. 39 In Practice split Between Provs/Feds .. 40 3 Federal-Provincial Agreements .. 40 Canadian ENVIRONMENTAL Law Assoc. v Canada (Minister of the Environment) (1999), 30 CELR (NS) (FCTD), aff d FCA (2001) approved harmonization agreements pro-cooperation .. 40 Federalism and Climate Change .. 40 Feds vs Provinces Example: Species at Risk Act .. 40 The Canadian Legal Framework TEXT COVERAGE.

7 41 Idle No More! The Intersection of Aboriginal & ENVIRONMENTAL Law .. 42 Sustainability Intervention .. 42 October 10, 2016 : Indigenous Day of Action In Context (p. 2): .. 42 ENVIRONMENTAL and Climate Justice .. 43 Idle No More Movement .. 43 First Nation Rights - Sources .. 43 Common Law Constitutional Rights .. 44 Common Law Progression .. 44 Calder v BC (1973) title exists, Predates Proclamation, split on whether extinguished .. 44 R v Sparrow (1990) justified infringements .. 45 Delgamuukw v BC (1997) Aboriginal title .. 45 Haida Nation v BC (2004) Duty to Consult .. 46 Taku River Tlingit First Nation v BC (SCC 2004) - Duty to consult but no Duty to reach agreement .. 46 Tsilhquot in Nation v BC (2014) Aboriginal Title proven Adjusted Infringement test objectives, duty to consult, proportionality, not depriving future generations .. 47 Grassy Narrows First Nation v Ontario (SCC 2004) taking up of lands by Province treaty rights and obligations apply to provincial and Federal Gov ts.

8 47 Courtoreille v Canada, [2014] 1244 Mikisew challenged legislative Reform that would impact rights without Consultation declaration of breach .. 48 Treaty Interpretation/Administration .. 49 First Nations Concerns & Climate Justice .. 49 Ongoing Issues .. 50 Gitxaala Nation v. Canada, 2016 FCA 187 duty to consult on Northern Gateway Pipeline not fulfilled .. 50 Aboriginal ENVIRONMENTAL Rights? .. 50 Saikl uz First Nation and Stellat en First Nation v Rio Tinto Alcan Inc. 2015 BCCA .. 50 Existing Procedural Mechanisms and Corresponding Limitations .. 52 Practical Solutions .. 52 The Structures of ENVIRONMENTAL Protection Regimes .. 53 Company Ltd. v McKie et al, 1949 SCR 698 .. 53 Structures of ENVIRONMENTAL Protection 53 Public Law, in its three iterations: .. 54 Normal Regulatory Structures .. 54 Command Toolbox .. 55 Common Approaches to Regulation .. 55 Examples of Provincial Regulatory Schemes in Place - Alberta.

9 56 Responding to Societal Trends .. 56 ENVIRONMENTAL Protection Regimes: Command and Control .. 56 Normal Regulatory Structures .. 56 Command: Standard Setting .. 56 1. Broad Approaches to Standard Setting - Performance Based v. Construction Standards .. 56 2. Setting Specific Standards Approaches, including Franson, Franson & Lucas Model: .. 57 CEPA, 1999 .. 58 4 Pollution Prevention Approach .. 59 Control: Compliance & Enforcement .. 60 Control Toolbox .. 60 1. Incentives & Assistance .. 60 EPEA, s 13: .. 61 2. Licenses & Approvals - The Carrot & Stick Approach: .. 61 EPEA:.. 61 3. Administrative Orders .. 65 EPEA, ENVIRONMENTAL Protection Orders .. 65 EPEA, Enforcement orders by Director .. 67 4. Prosecutions .. 67 EPEA: Enabling prosecutions .. 68 Prosecutions .. 68 Penalties .. 70 R v Syncrude Canada Ltd., 2010 ABPC 229 .. 70 Energy & The Environment .. 72 Our Current Growth Paradigm.

10 72 1. Fossil Fuels .. 72 Fossil Fuels (Alberta) .. 73 AER Oil Sands Case Study .. 74 Fossil Fuels (other concerns) .. 74 2. 75 3. Mining & Aggregates .. 75 4. Energy Futures .. 75 German Energiwende (energy transition) .. 76 Sectoral Regulation and Land Regulation .. 76 77 AG of BC v AG of Canada 1914 Confirmed Provinces can address fishery issues as long as not interfering with federal .. 77 Fletcher v Kingston (City), 2004 ONCA broad meaning of deleterious substance Fisheries act s 36(3) .. 77 Fisheries Act .. 78 Fishery (General) Regulations (SOR/93-53) .. 78 Marine Mammal Regulations .. 78 Agriculture .. 78 Aquaculture .. 79 Forestry .. 79 Pesticides .. 80 Bio Technology/Engineering .. 80 Protected Areas .. 81 Land Use Planning .. 81 Brownfield Redevelopment .. 82 ENVIRONMENTAL Assessment .. 82 ENVIRONMENTAL Assessment .. 82 Potential Features of EA, depending on jurisdiction.