2017 Geotechnical Engineering Manual Geotechnical ...

1 2017 Geotechnical Engineering Manual Geotechnical Engineering Section 1/19/2017 MnDOT Geotechnical Manual ii 2017 Geotechnical Engineering Manual .. I Geotechnical Engineering SECTION .. I 1 PURPOSE & OVERVIEW OF Manual .. 8 PURPOSE .. 8 Geotechnical Engineering .. 8 OVERVIEW OF THE Geotechnical SECTION .. 8 Manual DESCRIPTION AND DEVELOPMENT .. 9 2 Geotechnical PLANNING .. 12 PURPOSE, SCOPE, RESPONSIBILITY .. 12 PPMS AND PROGRAMMED PROJECTS .. 13 Geotechnical REQUEST FORM .. 14 OFFICE REVIEW .. 14 Geologic Maps .. 14 Existing Borings .. 15 Hydraulics Reports .. 15 Site Visit .. 15 Boring and In Situ Test Frequency .. 15 Subsurface Investigation Plan .. 19 3 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS.

2 23 UTILITY CLEARANCE .. 24 PROPERTY ACCESS .. 24 ROADWAY SAFETY AND TRAFFIC CONTROL .. 24 Location Surveys .. 24 Site Clean-Up .. 24 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATIONS .. 25 Diamond Core Drilling .. 25 Soil Sampling .. 26 Continuous Soil Sampling .. 27 Boring Depths .. 27 Field Logs .. 28 Borehole Sealing .. 31 Special Well Construction Areas .. 33 Transporting and Storing Samples .. 33 IN SITU MEASUREMENTS .. 33 In Situ Rock Measurements .. 34 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) .. 34 MnDOT Modified Standard Penetration Test (SPT) .. 37 Cone Penetration Test (CPT) .. 38 Flat Plate Dilatometer (DMT) (ASTM D6635-01) .. 40 Pressuremeter Test (PMT) (ASTM D4719) .. 41 Test Pits .. 42 Geophysical Methods.

3 42 GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS .. 45 Borings & Soundings .. 45 46 In-Situ Testing .. 46 4 LABORATORY TESTING .. 48 MINIMUM TESTING RATES .. 48 MOISTURE CONTENT TESTS .. 48 1/19/2017 MnDOT Geotechnical Manual iii UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TESTS .. 48 ONE DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION TESTS .. 49 TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TESTS .. 49 UNIT WEIGHT TESTS .. 49 SPECIFIC GRAVITY .. 50 Engineering PROPERTIES .. 50 Atterberg Limit Tests .. 50 In-place Volume and Weight Relationships .. 51 Grain Size Analysis .. 53 Organic Content Tests .. 54 Unconfined Compression Tests for Rock .. 54 5 SOIL & ROCK CLASSIFICATION AND LOGGING .. 55 FIELD IDENTIFICATION .. 55 Texture .. 56 Laboratory Testing .. 58 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS.

4 59 Triangular Textural .. 59 AASHTO .. 65 Unified Soil Classification System .. 65 ROCK CLASSIFICATION .. 66 Lithology .. 66 Rock Sample Description Standards .. 72 ROCK FORMATIONS .. 91 Boring Logs .. 91 Soil Description .. 92 Logging Procedures for Core Drilling .. 93 QUARRY STUDIES .. 93 6 Geotechnical ANALYSIS .. 95 DESIGN INVOLVEMENT .. 95 LRFD .. 96 Limit States .. 97 Resistance Factors .. 97 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS .. 98 GROUND REPLACEMENT OR IMPROVEMENT FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS AND EARTH SUPPORT .. 99 DEEP FOUNDATIONS .. 100 HYBRID FOUNDATIONS .. 100 PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN .. 100 DRILLED SHAFT DESIGN .. 101 DOWNDRAG LOAD [DRAGLOAD] AND DOWNDRAG .. 102 General Practice for Design Considerations Regarding the Effects of Negative Skin Friction on Deep Foundation Elements.

5 105 Mitigation Strategies .. 112 CULVERTS .. 112 CONSTRUCTION IN PROBLEMATIC Geotechnical CONDITIONS .. 112 CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS, REPORTING, AND RECOMMENDATIONS .. 112 Pre-Loading .. 113 Sheeting/Shoring .. 113 FAILURES, PROJECT FORENSICS, AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS .. 113 EMBANKMENTS & REINFORCED SOIL SLOPES .. 114 EROSION CONTROL .. 114 DRAINAGE .. 115 1/19/2017 MnDOT Geotechnical Manual iv SETTLEMENT .. 115 FILL AND CUT SLOPES .. 115 Soil Slopes .. 116 Rock Slopes .. 116 GROUNDWATER .. 118 Groundwater Occurrence .. 121 Engineering Hydrogeology .. 124 Control .. 125 GEOSYNTHETICS .. 127 RETAINING WALLS .. 128 NOISEWALLS .. 128 HIGH-TENSION CABLE GUARDRAIL END ANCHORS .. 129 LIGHTWEIGHT FILL.

6 129 129 INFILTRATION PONDS NEAR STRUCTURES .. 129 7 Geotechnical REPORT .. 132 TYPES OF REPORTS .. 132 REPORT CONTENT AND PRACTICE .. 132 PRESENTATION OF SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION INFORMATION .. 133 PROJECT INFORMATION .. 133 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION SUMMARY .. 134 Geotechnical ANALYSIS .. 134 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS .. 135 8 VIBRATION CONCERNS/MANAGEMENT .. 138 BLASTING .. 138 Production Blasting .. 138 Controlled Blasting .. 139 Blasting Specifications .. 140 VIBRATIONS .. 141 Airborne Vibrations .. 141 Earthborne Vibrations .. 142 Vibration Sources .. 142 Vibration Receivers .. 143 Vibration Impacts (When to be concerned) .. 144 Damage Criteria .. 145 Monitoring Equipment.

7 147 Vibration Studies .. 147 Measurement .. 148 Addressing Vibration Concerns .. 148 9 INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING .. 151 In Situ Instrumentation and Monitoring .. 151 Pre-Construction (Investigation into Time/Rate Behavior) .. 152 During Construction (Quality Control / Quality Assurance) .. 153 Post-Construction (Performance Monitoring) .. 154 Types of Instruments Used to Monitor Geotechnical Performance .. 154 Settlement Plates .. 155 Settlement Systems .. 156 Horizontal Inclinometers, In-situ Inclinometers, and ShapeAccelArrays .. 156 2D and 3D Position Surveys: Survey Reflectors, Targets, and 159 Piezometers (Standpipe, Drive Point, and Electronic) .. 159 1/19/2017 MnDOT Geotechnical Manual v Standpipe Piezometers.

8 160 Drive Point (Standpipe and Vibrating Wire) .. 160 Differences between Piezometers and Monitoring Wells .. 160 Vertical Slope Indicators ( Manual ) .. 161 Vertical Slope Indicators (Automated- In-Place Inclinometers and SAA) .. 161 Tiltmeters .. 162 Strain Gages (Resistance, Vibrating Wire, and Fiber Optic) .. 162 Specialty Strain Gages: Optical Strain Sensor 164 (Earth/Total) Pressure Cells .. 164 Load Cells .. 165 Deflection/Deformation Sensors .. 165 Crackmeters .. 166 TDR, LiDAR, InSAR and other useful, but specialized, techniques .. 166 Research .. 166 GIMP/GEMINI .. 167 GIMP .. 167 GEMINI .. 168 10 INFORMATION 171 GENERAL POLICY .. 171 ELECTRONIC BORING AND SOUNDING LOGS FOR STATE PROJECTS AND CSAH PROJECTS.

9 172 FILED AND ARCHIVED INFORMATION .. 172 ROCK CORES .. 173 DESIGN INFORMATION .. 173 Diagrams/Drawings .. 173 GINT LOGS .. 173 FIELD LOGS (SPT AND CPT), LAB LOGS, LAB DATA .. 174 WEB BASED DATA: Geotechnical ARCIMS, GI5 , GIS APPLICATION .. 175 GEOAPP SMART DEVICE AVAILABILITY .. 175 LOCATION DATA QUALITY .. 175 AGGREGATE SOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM .. 176 Description .. 176 HEALTH DEPARTMENT 176 PROJECT CLOSE-OUT AND ARCHIVE/UPLOAD .. 176 PROJECT BASED BORING LOG INFORMATION .. 176 REFERENCES .. 178 Cover Photo: Rock cut south of Beaver Bay on TH61 1/19/2017 MnDOT Geotechnical Manual vi List of Figures FIGURE 2- 1: EXAMPLE INVESTIGATION PLAN .. 20 FIGURE 3- 1: PLACEMENT OF CORE IN A CORE 26 FIGURE 3- 2: FIELD LOG EXAMPLE.

10 30 FIGURE 3-3 : STANDARD PENETRATION DIAGRAM .. 34 FIGURE 3- 4: SPT TEST VARIABLES .. 36 FIGURE 3- 5: STANDARD CPT DIAGRAM .. 39 FIGURE 3- 6: TYPICAL CPT PLOT .. 40 FIGURE 3- 7: FLAT PLATE DILATOMETER (FROM FHWA-SA-91-044) .. 41 FIGURE 3-8 PRESSUREMETER TESTING BEING PERFORMED TO ASSESS SOIL CONDITIONS FOR THE GLEN ROAD INTERCHANGE PROJECT ON US10/US61 IN NEWPORT, MN .. 42 FIGURE 4- 1: ATTERBERG LIMITS RELATIONSHIPS .. 51 FIGURE 4- 2: VOLUME AND WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS FOR A SOIL .. 51 FIGURE 5- 1: MNDOT TRIANGULAR TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION .. 57 FIGURE 5- 2: TRIANGULAR TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION .. 60 FIGURE 5- 3: GENERALIZED SOILS MAP .. 65 FIGURE 5-4 SAMPLE GINT LOG .. 74 FIGURE 5- 5: SAMPLE CORE FOR RQD CALCULATION.