บทที่ 5 อาณาจักรเห็ดรา (Kingdom Fungi)

1 ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 1 5 ( kingdom fungi ) 1991 65,000 (C) (N) (O)

2 (P) Detritus food chain Saprophytic food chain 1 ( ) ( ) ( : )

3 (Parasite) (Saprophyte) ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 2 (Mycology : Mykes (mushroom) logos (discourse)) yeast fruit-body 200 300 17 Antony van Leewenhoek (1632-1732)

4 Pier Antonio Micheli (1679-1739) 2 ( ) Pier Antonio Micheli ( ) Nova Plantorum Genera ( : ) Micheli ( ) Micheli Nova Plantorum Genera 1729 900 1.

5 000 Micheli ascus ascospore lichen truffle Micheli species genus Micheli Mucor Aspergillus Botrytis Lycoperdon Geastrum Tuber Micheli squash 2 Botrytis (bell jar)

6 2-3 Botrytis Botrytis Mucor Rhizopus Micheli squash ultrastructure ( )

7 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 3 Fungus fungi Fungus Mushroom Mushroom 1. Eukaryotic cell ( ) 2. Heterotroph Symbionts 3.

8 (Cellulose) ( Zygomycota) (Hemicellulose) (Chitin) 4. (Yeast) (Hypha/Hyphae) (Mycelium/Mycelia) 2 (Septate hypha) (Nonseptate hypha Coencytic hypha) 3 ( ) ( ) ( : ) mold fruiting body mushroom Pseudomycelium Pseudohyphae ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 4 4 (.)

9 5 ( ) Pseudohyphae Pseudomycelium ( ) Pseudohyphae ( : ) Somatic phase (Vegetative phase) Reproductive phase Somatic phase cell wall Thallus ( ) (non-motile) Ascomycetes Septum (Hyaline)

10 Melanin m 100 m ( Saprolegniales ) ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 5 2-3 m (Hyphal strand) (Hyphal wall) Microfibril