บทที่ 5 อาณาจักรเห็ดรา (Kingdom Fungi)

1 ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 1 5 ( kingdom fungi ) 1991 65,000 (C) (N) (O) (P)

2 Detritus food chain Saprophytic food chain 1 ( ) ( ) ( : ) (Parasite) (Saprophyte)

3 ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 2 (Mycology : Mykes (mushroom) logos (discourse)) yeast fruit-body 200 300 17 Antony van Leewenhoek (1632-1732)

4 Pier Antonio Micheli (1679-1739) 2 ( ) Pier Antonio Micheli ( ) Nova Plantorum Genera ( : ) Micheli ( ) Micheli Nova Plantorum Genera 1729 900 1,000 Micheli ascus ascospore lichen truffle Micheli species genus Micheli Mucor Aspergillus Botrytis Lycoperdon Geastrum Tuber Micheli squash 2

5 Botrytis (bell jar) 2-3 Botrytis Botrytis Mucor Rhizopus Micheli squash ultrastructure

6 ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 3 Fungus fungi Fungus Mushroom Mushroom 1. Eukaryotic cell ( ) 2.

7 Heterotroph Symbionts 3. (Cellulose) ( Zygomycota) (Hemicellulose) (Chitin) 4. (Yeast) (Hypha/Hyphae) (Mycelium/Mycelia) 2 (Septate hypha) (Nonseptate hypha Coencytic hypha) 3 ( ) ( ) (.)

8 Mold fruiting body mushroom Pseudomycelium Pseudohyphae ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 4 4 ( : ) 5 ( ) Pseudohyphae Pseudomycelium ( ) Pseudohyphae ( : ) Somatic phase (Vegetative phase) Reproductive phase Somatic phase cell wall Thallus ( ) (non-motile) Ascomycetes Septum (Hyaline)

9 Melanin m 100 m ( Saprolegniales ) ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 5 2-3 m (Hyphal strand) (Hyphal wall)

10 Microfibril N-acetyl D-glucosamine Polymer Polymer D-glucose N-acetyl group Carbon 2 OH group % Protein Glycan Polysaccharide Haustorium Rhizoid 6 Haustorium ( : ) 7 Rhizoid ( ) 30262 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----- 6 (.)