6 Nutrients (Human Body - Grade 6) - Weebly

1 !!! !"#$#%&'(%'$)'*+,-.'(-$/$0102$)3,%4'5-', $67'(8'$/$)3,%4'5-',9$:6$;101<$"43('$=20>?$2@<AB> <;$/$C+D$=20>?$2@ 3 ExploRING CengoHyDRATESYou Just Cant Live Without'EmNUTRIENTS:An lndian family enjoys are part of cultural foods, however, contain one ormore of the same essential you tell which of the foods thatyou see in the first three photographsof this article are high in carbohy-drates? Fat? Protein?"Do you want frieswith that cheese-burger?""Sure, and alar$esoda, please."You've ordere d a{reat-tasting lunch,but is it a healthymeal? The good newsis that you're gettingmany of the nutrientsyou need. The badnews is that you'realso about to eat a lotof stuff that you don'tneed-like extra saltand you choosewhat to eat, you needto think about morethan your taste need to knowwhat your bodyneeds and what foodswill give it to need to knowabout are Nutrients ?They are the fuelsyour body needs tokeep you going.)}

2 Theyare used for growthand repair. They helpfight are six typesof Nutrients : carbohy-drates, proteins, fats,vitamins, minerals,and water. The firstthree<arbohydrates,proteins,' andfats-make up the threebasic food , beans, and trimmings are popular foods in Mexico andmany other STCA{STM Huueu Boov SvsrEMSLEssoN g ExploRrNG CenBoHyDRATESRice and vegetables are mainstays of this Asian family's It ism-ade ofthe sameraw mate-- nals assu$ars:carbon,hydrogen,and oxy-gen. Butyou can'tdigest whatgood is it?that forms a plant'scell : The BodyBuildersProteins are at workin every cell of yourbody. You need pro-teins to build tissue(muscle tissue con-tains alot of protein).Your body also usesproteins to repairdama{e and to makesubstances such ashemoglobin, whichcarcies oxy$enthrough your your bodydigests food, it breaksthe protein down intosimpler substancescalled amino :Energy to BurnThe two most impor-tant kinds of carbohy-drates are su$ars andstarches.}}

3 The simplestcarbohydrate is asugar called is your body 'sfirst choice for carbohy-drates are calledstarches. When youeat complex carbohy-drates such as pasta,bread, or rice, yourbody breaks themapart to get the sim-ple sugars that itneeds for fast your bodydoesn't waste the left-overs. It turns mostof the extra $ucoseinto a substancecalled glycogen andsaves it in your mus-cles and liver. If youeat more food thanyou need at themoment, some of theglucose gets turnedinto fat. Your bodystores fat to makesure it has fuel forits future energyneeds. (It's likeputting the fat awayin a warehouse.)But watch out: thewarehouse carTgettoo full. If you contin-ually eat too muchsugar-such as thesu$ar in corn syrup,candy, and softdrinks-you canquickly put on extrapounds. What's more,candy bars and softdrinks usually don'tcontain other nutri-ents, like mineralsand vitamins that youcan $et from fruitsand is anotherFiber provides bulkthat helps move foodthrough your intes-tines.

4 Fruits providefiber called -{rain breadsand cereals cont aincellulose, the fiberThese foods are good sources of you name them? Do you know any otherfoods that are high in carbohydrates?STCA{STM HuueN Booy SysrEMS 21,LEssoN 3 ExpLoRrNG CensoHYDRATESFor many people, meat is an important sourceof protein. Other protein-rich foods include nuts,egg whites, and as obesity andheart disease. But fatisn't all bad news. Ithas more energy thanproteins or carbohy-drates. A gram of fatsupplies about twiceas much energy as agram of protein else is goodabout fat? Thin layersof fat act as protectivepadding around yourheart and otherorgans. Fat helpsinsulate your body ,too, so you don't haveto burn too much fuelto stay are two kindsof fats: saturated andunsaturated. Mostfats that come fromanimals are saturatedfats. Inside yourbody, saturated fatscart turn into choles-terol-a substancethat may collectinside your blood ves-sels and place anextra burden on yourheart.}}

5 Most fats thatcome from plants (forexample, from nutsandvegetables) areunsaturated though yourbody cart convertcarbohydrates intof at, you still need toeat some foods thatcontain fat. Why?Because your bodycan't build some ofthe unsaturated fatsthat you be careful. Youneed only a smallamount, and the fattyfoods you eat shouldcontain mostly unsat-urated, rather thanYou might compareamino acids withletters in the alpha-bet. There are 20amino acids, andthey combine tocreate millions ofdifferent protein"words." Your bodyalso builds someamino acids fromscratch by combiningcarbon, hydrogen,oxygen, and nitro$ are nineamino acids that youcan get only from thefood you eat. Yourbody can't build themon its own. These arecalled the essentialamino acids. A foodthat has all nineessential amino acidsis called a completeprotein. Food thatcomes from animals(for example, meat,eggs , and milk) hascomplete 'oods that do nothave all the essentialamino acids arecalled incompleteproteins.

6 Foods thatcome from plants-for example, ve$eta-bles, fruit, wheat, andrice-contain incom-plete you don't want toeat meat or animalproducts, you catr stillget your essentialamino acids. Justmake sure you com-bine foods that havedffirent incompleteproteins. For example,a meal that combinesblack beans and rice,or lentil soup andcorn bread, will grveyou the complete pro-teins that you : What's theSkinny?Tbo much cancause health problemsEat only small quantities of foods such as these,which are high in STCA4 STM HuueN Botv SvsrEMSLEssoN 3 ExpLoRING CeneoHYDRATES saturated, fat. Meat,cheese, and butterhave saturated baked goodslike cookies and cakesalso have saturatedfat. Fish, avocados,and most liquid cook-ing oils are sources ofunsaturated : The ABCsof HealthVitamins are chemi-cals that have beenmade by living orgart-isms. Scientists dis-covered the first vita-min (B-1, or thiamin)about 100 years have nowidentified a total of13 vitamins.

7 Each ofthese vitamins has anessential role in thechemi cal reactionsthat $o on in ourbodies. Vitamins helpbuild blood cells andchemicals that controlthe neryous only need tinyamounts of vitaminsbut your body cart' best sources ofmost vitamins arefresh fruits : LittleThings That Meana LotMinerals are chemi-cals that occurnaturally in the envi-ronment. They donot need to be madeby a living need minerals tobuild bones, teeth,and blood also regulatethe chemical andelectrical signals thatcontrol the way yourbody works. Mineralscome from the are absorbed byplant roots as theygrow, and they arepassed on to animalsthat eat $et mineralsfrom many foods-fruits, ve$etables, and$rains, 4s well asmeat and need only tinyamounts of some min-erals (for example,copper, iodifl , iron,and zinc). Thes e arecalled trace need more ofother minerals suchas calcium, ma$ne-sium, potassium, andsodium.

8 Thes e arethe , found inmilk and cheese, isespecially importantfor children wh o arestill growing. Yourbody uses calcium tobuild the hard, strongparts of your body -bones and teeth, forexample. Olderpeople need calciumtoo, to keep bonesstron$. Iron is a min-eral component ofhemo$obin. Becausewomen lose bloodduring their menstrualcycle, they need moreiron than men. Beef,tttna, and chickert are$ood sources of : Where lt AllComes TogetherHow can water be anutrient? There'snothing in it! Theremay not be muchnutrition in water,but there's an awfullot of water in brain and mus-cles are three-fourthswater, and bone is20 percent cell in yourbody is packed withwater. Your bodyneeds it totransportnutrientsand wastes,controlyour tem-perature,and carryout chemi-cal , yourbody losesmore than2liters ofwater. Youreplace some of itwith food, but besure to drink six toeight glasses of liquideach day to maintainyour water you're thirsty-and even whenyou're not-havesome What's forDinner?

9 The best way to getthe Nutrients youneed is to eat good,fresh food. Getenough of the rightstuff, and you won'thave to worry aboutvitamin or mineralpills. Knowin$ aboutnutrients can helpyou choose foods thatgive your taste budswhat they want andthe rest of your bodywhat it needs . trCopper is a trace mineral. You need justa tiny bit of it in your diet. ln fact, if thispenny were pure copper, it would con-tain enough of this mineral to meet yourdaily needs for three and a half years!STCA4 STM Huu^rN Bonv SvsrEMS 23 !!! !"#$#%&'(%'$)'*+,-.'(-$/$0102$)3,%4'5-', $67'(8'$/$)3,%4'5-',9$:6$;101<$"43('$=20>?$2@<AB> <;$/$C+D$=20>?$2@ @AB!CD3B(+!E$)F!4F%/&B%!G!H7()&!IJ!4/3)& +/!23&%/*$+%!$0N V4+-$+,'$(8-,&'(-59$+(J$Q4U$J3$Q'$(''J$- 4'.W$$$$$$$$$$$1N V4+-$+,'$-4'$5&D$-U*'5$3I$(8-,&'(-5W$$$$ $$$$@N G4'$-'D-$5+U59$XKH8%35'$&5$U38,$R3 JUY5$I&,5-$%43&%'$I3,$I8'HZ$=*N$10?N$V4+ -$4+**'(5$&I$U38$4+7'$H'I-$37',$MH8%35'$ -4+-$U38,$R3JU$J3'5(Y-$&.))))))))

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