80 TOOLS - IICA

1 Frans GeilfusAgricultural Engineer, with a PhD in Geography from the University of Louvaine (Belgium).Dr. Geilfus specializes in sustainable agriculture, agroforestry, participatory technology development, and natural resource book is a toolbox for rural-development stakeholders and professionals extension workers, advocates, community leaders, researchers who wish to improve and systematize communityparticipationin projects and initiatives. It is intended for those who have realized, through their own experiences, that participation is an essential prerequisite for sustainable development. While this toolbox should serve as a source of inspiration for their work, it should never be viewed as a book of recipes.

2 80 TOOLSLSFOR PARTICIPATORYDEVELOPMENT80 TOOLS FOR PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT Participatory exercises carried out in the Vueltas, Chalatenango Community. (Facilitator: CORDES Foundation) 80 tools FOR PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENTA ppraisal, Planning,Follow-up and EvaluationFrans Geilfus Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). 2008 IICA encourages the fair use of this document. Proper citation is publication is also available in electronic (PDF) format from IICA s Web site at coordination: Byron Miranda AbaunzaMechanical editing: Byron Miranda AbaunzaLayout: Karla CruzIllustrated by: Julio Batres and Mario BarrientosPrinted: IICA HeadquartersGeilfus, Frans 80 tools for participatory development: appraisal, planning, follow-up and evaluation / Frans Geilfus.

3 -- San Jose, : IICA, p. ; 24 cm. ISBN13: 978-92-9039-910-0 Published also in Spanish1. Social development 2. Rural planning I. IICA II. Title AGRIS DEWEY E14 Jose, Costa Rica 2008 ForewordThe transformational power of voluntary association for collective action is formidable, if harnessed properly. Experience has shown that most successful partnerships are built upon participatory processes and democratic , one of the great challenges facing us today is the search for methodologies and TOOLS that facilitate collective action and solutions, through participatory processes and teamwork in short, the implementation of methodologies based on full stakeholder participation, in a manner which recognizes and transforms the existing publications over the past few years have offered a collection of instruments as simple and user-friendly a toolbox that can be consulted for specific needs as 80 tools for Participatory Development.

4 The chief merits of this book, and of the effort invested in its development, lie in its familiar TOOLS , its design (layout, illustrations), its simple, precise, and direct language, and its effective book has been through six printings; 15,000 copies have been distributed and sold; four editions have been published by the Regional IICA-Holland Hillsides Project, with partial funding from GTZ and the PROCHALATE/FIDA/EU/EIS project; two editions have been published by the Mexican Secretariat for Agriculture and Rural Development. All of this attests to the book s popularity. The seventh edition you now hold in your hands, as well as its CD-ROM version and the online version made available by the IICA sustainable development network, are intended to facilitate access to this important Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) is pleased to present this important work.

5 We look forward to your feedback, and reiterate our hope that this material will be of use, not for exact replication, but rather as a tool to be adapted to your own reality and Miranda Abaunza, Regional Specialist on Sustainable Rural Development for Central AmericaTABLE OF CONTENTS1. What is participation?.. Main characteristics of participatory methods in project appraisal, planning, and follow-up .. Principles of dialogue .. A new professional approach: the development facilitator .. Types of participatory TOOLS .. Participatory TOOLS in the development How do we select the right TOOLS ?.. Example of a full participatory process.

6 Basic visualization principles .. Common mistakes in participatory Generally applicable dialogue, observation, and group-dynamic Semi-structured dialogue .. Dialogue with key Dialogue with household Dialogue with focus groups .. Establishment of working groups ( focus groups ) .. Brainstorming Participatory observation ..343 Participatory appraisal: general community issues social Group Livelihoods .. Organizational/institutional analysis: Venn diagram .. Social Income classification (key-respondent method).

7 Income classification (group method).. Map of services and opportunities .. Timeline .. Trend lines .. Community history chart .. Seasonal analysis ..594 Participatory appraisal: natural resource Natural resource and land use Transect walk and diagramming .. Watershed diagramming .. Historical diagramming and mapping of natural resources ..69 Resource evaluation matrix .. Map of access to natural resources .. Decision-making analysis matrix .. Conflict-analysis matrix .. Local soil Local tree use (agroforestry inventory).. Resource-use problem census (based on transect).

8 835 Participatory appraisal: production systems Preliminary farm classification (based on access to resources) .. Farm classification (based on recommendation domains asperceived by farmers) .. Farm Systemic farm model .. Transect walk and plot diagramming .. Description of management Farm problem census (based on farm map and systemic model).. Seasonal crop calendars .. Flowchart of Crop budget (based on flowcharts of activities) .. Historical graphing of production Crop / seasonal activity problem census (based on flowchartsof activities) .. Crop Agronomic preference Ex ante agronomic evaluation matrix.

9 1156 Participatory appraisal: animal Livestock Seasonal animal production calendars .. Forage map .. Cow interview .. Assessment of veterinary problems ..1277 Participatory appraisal: gender Gender-based farm map .. Use of time .. Gender-based seasonal Mobility map .. Benefit analysis ..1398 Participatory appraisal: communication and extension Map of Communication/exchange problem census (based on the map of exchanges) .. Extension/technical assistance priority matrix ..1479 Analysis of problems and Problem tree: cause-and-effect diagram.

10 Problem priority Identification of local or imported Self-assessment and field analysis of local solutions .. Solution evaluation matrix .. SWOT Option selection: single Option selection: multiple options .. Visualized Analysis of pros and cons: yes sir, no sir exercise .. Impact Community planning Farm Planning Farm Plan .. Objectives matrix (logical framework).. Matrix of needs and available Action plan matrix .. Responsibility matrix ..18711 Participatory follow-up and Follow-up and evaluation planning Follow-up indicator Participatory follow-up forms (task completion).