A Basic Modern Russian Grammar - LanguageBird

1 A BasicModernRussianGrammarEugenia NekrasovaRussian Freshfrom RussiaRon Maxim, Director,Government Cargo Support Services, Maersk Sealand, Atlanta, GA, USA:.. `s book is very Lyons, Resident Representative,United Nations Development Programme in the Russian FederationThis book very definitely helped me improve my Russian good humour and strong didactic principles it leads through thedifficulties of the Russian Lehto, Chief of Moscow Bureauof the Finnish Broadcasting Company, FinlandThe book is really very helpful. The explanations given in thebook are clear and inventive. The teaching materials have been verywell the ReadersThis book is meant both for the learners and the teachers of name of the book speaks for itself: "A Basic Modern Russian Grammar ".

2 The attention is focused on the facts of Modern Russian language which arebasic, of high frequency and in common most of the learners are not professional linguists the author tried to avoidunnecessary linguistic explanations, charts and presentation of Grammar material enable thelearners of Russian understand some practical mechanisms of the languagein a certain logical order .The teachers of Russian can use it in their practical the charts originally belong to the author expresses her deep gratitude to Mr D. Pobedimsky without whomthe book would not have succeeded and to Prof. T. Wade (UK) for his wish you success,Eugenia Nekrasova A Basic Modern Russian Grammar , Eugenia Nekrasova,1997. Graphic Design, eBook publisher, Dmitry Pobedimsky, 5-85550-119-1 Shortly about the AuthorEugenia Nekrasova, Moscow, in Philology and Education, Moscow State many years she has been working as a full-time seniorteacher and lecturer for the USSR / Russian Federation Minis-try of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Language Service, teachingRussian, English and related subjects to foreign diplomats,businessmen and journalists, including the staff of the United Nations Moscowoffice, Sea Land CIS Logistics, Caterpillar Overseas, Ernst & Young.

3 The StateFinnish Radio & TV Moscow office and many she divides her time between teaching and writing books on has written five successful books on learning Modern Russian as a SecondLanguage and on learning English for people speaking Russian :1. "A Basic Modern Russian Grammar " - 380 pages, "Gummerus", Helsinki,Finland, 1998. Published in Finnish, translated from English. ISBN 951-20-5264-42. "Exercises in Basic Modern Russian Grammar " - 250 pages,"Gummerus", Helsinki, Finland, 2000. Published in Finnish, translated from Eng-lish. ISBN 951-20-5507-43. "Living & Working in the Former USSR" - 211 pages, colour illustrated,succesfully practised course book of Modern Russian , best used for crash-courses. ISBN 5-85550-121-34. "Popular English Grammar " - 400 pages, "Slavyansky Dom Knigi" Publish-ers, Moscow, Russia,1999.

4 First print - 25,000 copies. ISBN 5-93220-001-45. "English for Work and Travel" - 360 pages, "Slavyansky Dom Knigi" Pub-lishers, Moscow, Russia, 2000, with First print - 15,000 5-93220-052-9 The author would gladly accept any comments on the bookemail: Basic Modern Russian GrammarPart 1 The Gender Agreement of Russian Nouns in the Singularpage 1 Eugenia NekrasovaThe characterizing words can be: adjectives, adjectival pronouns (possessive, demonstrative etc), ordinal numerals, long participles, cardinal numeral one .You will learn: how to establish the Gender of a noun and how to make the Singular form Gender Agreement between nounsand words characterizing BETWEEN WORDS IN RUSSIANT here are 2 main types of relations between the words in a Russiansentence: Agreement and could be in Gender, Number and 1 The Gender Agreement of Russian Nounsin the Singular between the nouns/personal pronouns and the short participles/short adjectives, between the nouns/personal pronouns and the verbs in the Pasttense 1 deals with the first five types of Gender PRINCIPLE OF GENDER AGREEMENTA greement in Gender takes place.

5 Between the long adjectives and the nouns, between the adjectival pronouns and the nouns, between the ordinal numerals and the nouns, between the cardinal numeral one and nouns, between the long participles and the nouns, Part 1 covers the problems of Gender Agreement between nouns andwords preceding them in units. I called the words preceeding nouns inunits - the characterizing Basic Modern Russian GrammarPart 1 The Gender Agreement of Russian Nouns in the Singularpage 2 Eugenia NekrasovaMasculine (M), Feminine (F) or Neuter(N)You will be glad to know that the gender of the majority of the Russiannouns one can tell from the ending of the dictionary form (NominativeCase).The gender of nouns is mostly a formal you will learn how to determine the gender of a noun.

6 Nouns ending in consonants and - are Masculine: - house - friend -museum - man - city - ChinaAll Russian nouns are attributed to one of the three genders:HOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF A NOUN Nouns ending in - , - , - , - are Feminine: - mama, mommy - Volga - car - article - week - surname - RussiaBut things are never that simple in languages:irrespective of the Feminine - , - endinga small group of nouns denoting maleshas Masculine gender agreement(so called Natural Masculines ): - father, dad - grandfather - man - uncle - seat - sea - compartment - building - TV - health Nouns ending in - , - , - , - are Neuter: - time - name - interview - menu - jury - taxiThe following nouns are ( ) + Notice!

7 H Notice!h A Basic Modern Russian GrammarPart 1 The Gender Agreement of Russian Nouns in the Singularpage 3 Eugenia Nekrasova Nouns denoting males ( natural masculines ) are Masculine: - guest, - driver, - teacher, - writer, - Tzar, - king, - goalkeeper etc. Names of months ending in - are all Masculine: - January, - February, etc. Natural feminines are all Feminine: - mother, - daughter etc. Nouns ending in - , - , - are Feminine: - life - news - signature SINGULAR NOUNS BY PERSONAL PRONOUNSA noun could be replaced by the following personal pronounsdepending on the established gender: ? . ? .Masculine nouns by - he, it ?

8 ? .Feminine nouns by - she, it ? . ? .Neuter nouns by - itNThe Gender of other soft sign nounshas to be learned individually. Notice!h Notice!h THE GENDER OF SOFT sign NOUNSA very big group of nouns ending in - (soft sign ) could be eitherFeminine or Gender of these nouns could be found in the dictionaries. A Basic Modern Russian GrammarPart 1 The Gender Agreement of Russian Nouns in the Singularpage 4 Eugenia NekrasovaHOW TO ESTABLISH THE GENDER OF PLACE NAMESAll the place names could be divided into 2 groups:These words exist only in this unchangeable (indeclinable) form. Theirgender is established in a special way (through association with the generic word).Second groupThere are many place names which do not fit the Russian system ofendings: , , , , , , , M.

9 , , , , - F. , , , - N. - First groupThe place names have the endings which formally fit the Russian systemof endings:FOREIGN INDECLINABLE NOUNS AND THEIR GENDER AGREEMENTT here is a group of nouns of foreign origin in Russian which do not - highway - radio (set) - subway - movies, cinema - taxi, cab - studio,dress shop - cafe - office - compartment - interview - overcoat these words are Neuter and their Gender agreement and pronounreplacement is - Minsk highway - o - interesting interview - - new overcoat - but - Masculine - hot coffee Notice!hA Basic Modern Russian GrammarPart 1 The Gender Agreement of Russian Nouns in the Singularpage 5 Eugenia NekrasovaSo, these adjectives can be attached to the nouns the gender ofwhich is marked or established as Masculine, for example:M.

10 M. + + M. M. + To make a Feminine adjective to attach it to a Feminine noun, you have toreplace Masculine endings by - ending. , , GENDER AGREEMENT BETWEEN NOUNSAND CHARACTERIZING WORDS IN THE SINGULARThe adjectives and adjectival words are registered in the dictionaries in can make other gender forms on your own if you follow the rules which willbe stipulated Masculine adjectival endings which a foreign learner may trace from thedictionary are as follows: The gender agreement between nouns and adjectives- like in - new, - famous- like in - big, large, - bad, -expensive, dear- like in - Russian , - English, -good, - small, little, - lastFeminine adjective + Feminine noun M.