A TEXTBOOK OF ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY - Engineering …

1 FIRST MULTICOLOUR EDITIONA TEXTBOOK OFELECTRICALTECHNOLOGYVOLUME IBASIC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF UNITSA TEXTBOOK OFELECTRICALTECHNOLOGYVOLUME IBASIC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF UNITS(Including rationalized System)For the Examinations of (Common Course to All Branches), , (Engg), Sec. A & B of AMIE(I), (London), (London),Grade , Diploma and other Competitive THERAJAR evised by (Hons), , (El. Machines) ( ELECTRICAL Power Systems)Former Professor & Head, ELECTRICAL Engineering DepartmentVisvesvaraya National Institute of TECHNOLOGY , Nagpur2005S. CHAND & COMPANY NAGAR, NEW DELHI-110 055S.

2 CHANDAN ISO 9001 : 2000 COMPANYS. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)Head Office : 7361, RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI - 110 055 Phones : 23672080-81-82; Fax : 91-11-23677446 Shop at: : :z1st Floor, Heritage, Near Gujarat Vidhyapeeth, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-380 7541965, 7542369zNo. 6, Ahuja Chambers, 1st Cross, Kumara Krupa Road, Bangalore-560 001. Ph : 2268048, 2354008z152, Anna Salai, Chennai-600 002. Ph : 6, 7 & 8, Sector 9D, Chandigarh-160017, Ph-749376, 749377z1st Floor, Bhartia Tower, Badambadi, Cuttack-753 009, Ph-2332580; 2332581z1st Floor, 52-A, Rajpur Road, Dehradun-248 011.

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4 Ph : 2671366, 2302100 Marketing Offices :z238-A, Nagar, Zone 1, Bhopal - 462 011zA-14, Janta Store Shopping Complex, University Marg, Bapu Nagar, Jaipur - 302 015,Phone : 0141-2709153 Copyright ReservedAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Edition 1959 Subsequent Editions and Reprint 1960, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 (Twice), 74, 75, 76, 77,78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 (Twice), 85, 86, 87, 88 (Twice), 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 (Twice)

5 , 99, 2000,2001, 2002 Thoroughly Revised Twenty-third Edition 2002 Reprint 2003, 2004 First Multicolour Edition 2005 Other Parts AvailableVolume II : AC & DC MachinesVolume III : Transmission, Distribution & UtilizationVolume IV : Electronic Devices & CircuitsCombined Edition Also AvailableISBN : 81-219-2440-5 PRINTED IN INDIABy Rajendra Ravindra Printers (Pvt.) Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055and published by S. Chand & Company Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 to the Twenty-ThirdRevised Multicoloured EditionAuthors feel happy to present to their esteemed readers thisrevised first multicoloured edition of Vol.

6 I of A TEXTBOOK ofElectrical TECHNOLOGY . To provide a comprehensive treatmentof topics in Basic ELECTRICAL Engineering both for ELECTRICAL as wellas non- ELECTRICAL students pursuing their studies in civil, mechanical,mining, textile, chemical, industrial, environmental, aerospace, electronicand computer Engineering , information TECHNOLOGY both at the Degreeand Diploma level. Based on the suggestions received from ouresteemed readers, both from India and abroad, the scope of the bookhas been enlarged according to their of Technological Universities have taken place inrecent past.

7 This resulted into a pool of expert manpower within alarge area. Unification of syllabi has taken place and the questionpapers set during the last 4-5 years have a wider variety and are ofmore inquisitive nature. Solutions to these with brief logical reasoningshave been added for the benefit of our student universities include a brief coverage on methods of ElectricalPower Generation , in their first and basic paper on this , this revision includes an introductory chapter on this is earnestly hoped that with these extensive additions andrevisions, this revised edition will prove even more useful to ournumerous readers in developing more confidence while appearing atnational competitive would like to thank my Publishers particularly Mr.

8 RavindraKumar Gupta, and Mr. Bhagirath Kaushik, Regional Manager(Western India) of S. Chand & Company Ltd., for the personal interestthey look in the publishing of this revised and enlarged student-friends, teacher-colleagues, Booksellers and Universityauthorities have been showing immense faith and affection in ourbook, which is acknowledged with modesty and regards. We are surethat this revised edition will satisfy their needs to a still greater extentand serve its cause more TARNEKAR(v)(vi)TPreface to the Twenty-second EditionThe primary objective of Vol. I of A TEXTBOOK of ElectricalTechnology is to provide a comprehensive treatment of topics in Basic ELECTRICAL Engineering both for ELECTRICAL as well as non- ELECTRICAL students pursuing their studies in civil, mechanical, mining,textile, chemical, industrial, environmental, aerospace, electronicand computer Engineering both at the Degree and Diploma on the suggestions received from our esteemed readers, bothfrom India and abroad, the scope of the book has been enlargedaccording to their requirements.

9 Almost half the solved exampleshave been deleted and replaced by latest examination papers set upto1994 in different Engineering colleges and technical institutions inIndia and major additions/changes have been made in the presentedition :1. Three new chapters entitled (a) Network Analysis (b) Networks and (c) Fourier Series have been added therebywidening the scope of the The chapter on Network Theorems has been updated with theaddition of Millman s Theorem (as applicable to voltage and currentsources or both) and an article on Power Transfer Efficiency relatingto Maximum Power Transfer The additions to the chapter on Capacitors include detailedarticles on Transient Relations during Capacitor Charging and DischargingCycles and also the Charging and Discharging of a Capacitor withInitial Chapter on Chemical Effects of Current has been thoroughlyrevised with the inclusion of Electronic Battery Chargers, StaticUninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

10 Systems, High TemperatureBatteries, Secondary Hybrid Cells, Fuel Cells and Aircraft and A detailed description of Thermocouple Ammeter has beenadded to the chapter on ELECTRICAL The chapter on Series Circuits has been enriched withmany articles such as Determination of Upper and Lower Half-powerFrequencies, Value of Edge Frequencies and Relation betweenResonant Power and Off-resonance is earnestly hoped that with these extensive additions andrevisions, the present edition will prove even more useful to ournumerous readers than the earlier ever before, we are thankful to our publishers particularly Kumar Gupta for the personal interest he took in theexpeditious printing of this book and for the highly attractive coverdesign suggested by him.