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1 23 10 25 1 ( ) SA 2 SA SA NRC PSA WASH-1400 NUREG-075 1975 3 1979 3 TMI-2 1986 WASH-1400 NUREG-1150 1990 4 TMI-2 5 SA WASH-1400 1975 MARCH/CORRAL I2 CsI

2 SA TMI-2 1/250 2 3 NUREG-0772 1982 TMI-2 CsI ORNL 6 SA NUREG-1150 1990 STCP/XSOR XSOR MELCOR KRTOS SERGE-2, OECD/NEA 7 SA NUREG-1150 OECD/NEA A NUREG-1150 PSA 8 PSA PSA , Vol.

3 48, No. 8, 571 (2006). 9 10 1992 PSA ( A 6 LOCA B C P Q S1 2 6 LOCA S2 2 LOCA T Ti IORV (inadvertently Opening of Relief Valves ) U U1 U2 RCIC V V1 V2 W X 11 Group Group Group Terms (-))

4 Time to PCV Failure from Core Melt Initiation (h)Group 4. Xe CsI Sr + LOCA ( ) Group 4. 12 13 1990 PSA 6 1 PSA - - NUREG-1150 14 BWR (-) (1/( )) 15 BWR 10 -10 10 -9 10 -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 I Cs 1F1,3 1F2 6 WG( 23 10 20 ) 6-1 PWR (-) (1/( )) 16 10 -10 10 -9 10 -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -8 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 PWR I Cs 6 WG( 23 10 20 ) 6-1 SA 1992 AM AM 2002 AM 2004 AM 17 (SAM)

5 PCV SAM 18 WASH-1400 TMI MELCOR MAAP THALES2 19 20 PHEBUS-FP IRSN JNES CORA UO2 /FZK DF ACRR UO2 SNL XR SNL RASPLAV/MASCA UO2 OECD NUPEC UO2 NUPEC ALPHA SONATA KAERI LHF SNL OECD-LHF LHF OECD/NEA OECD FOREVER 1/4 21 21 A 2/4 COTELS UO2 / FCI OECD NUPEC ALPHA FCI FARO UO2 FCI / KROTOS UO2 FCI / WC / Zion 1/10 SNL COREXIT Zion 1/40

6 ANL SERTCY / Zion 1/20 FAI COTELS UO2 2 NUPEC SWISS SNL WETCOR SNL MACE UO2 ANL OECD-MCCI UO2 2 OECD NUPEC 22 3/4 NTS DOE Nevada Test Site BMC /GRS RUT / LSVCTF /AECL NUPEC NUPEC SCV MARKII PCV 1/10 NUPEC PCCV PCCV 1/4 NUPEC/ NRC RCCV NUPEC RCCV RCCV 1/6 SNL PCCV Sizewell-B 1/10 23 4/4 PHEBUS-FP IRSN JNES VEGA STORM EU/JRC WIND TRANSAT/TUBA/DEVAP /IRSN PITEAS /IRSN NUPEC NUPEC RTF /AECL CAIMAN/IODE /IRSN ARTIST PSI JNES 24 24 TQUV TQUX TBU TB S2B TW S2W TC S2C S2 QUV AUV V B SA 25 Group 1.

7 Group 5. Group 3. Group 3. Group 4. Group 4. Group 3. Group 3. Group 3. Group 1. Group 5. 1F-1 1F-2&3 1 10 100 1000 h A LOCA B C Q S2 LOCA T U V W BWR-3 Mark-I, BWR-4 Mark-I, BWR-5 Mark-II, ABWR RCCV BWR - 10-8 TQUV TQUX TBU TB S2B TW S2W TC S2C AUV V S2 QUV C 26 Group 1. Group 5. Group 3. Group 3. Group 4. Group 4. Group 3. Group 3. Group 3. Group 1. Group 5. 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 10-0 I Cs BWR-3 Mark-I, BWR-4 Mark-I, BWR-5 Mark-II, ABWR RCCV BWR D WASH-1400 27