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AIRCRAFT DISINSECTION INSECTICIDES - WHO

INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETYE nvironmental Health Criteria 243 AIRCRAFT DISINSECTIONINSECTICIDESIOMCINTER-ORGANI ZATION PROGRAMME FOR THE SOUNDMANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALSA cooperative agreement among FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR,WHO, World Bank and OECDThis report contains the collective views of an international group of expertsand does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of theWorld Health OrganizationTheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)was established in 1980. The overall objec-tives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and theenvironment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisitefor the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening nationalcapacities for the sound management of publication was developed in the IOMC context.

international programme on chemical safety environmental health criteria 243 aircraft disinsection insecticides iomc inter-organization programme for the sound

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Transcription of AIRCRAFT DISINSECTION INSECTICIDES - WHO

1 INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETYE nvironmental Health Criteria 243 AIRCRAFT DISINSECTIONINSECTICIDESIOMCINTER-ORGANI ZATION PROGRAMME FOR THE SOUNDMANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALSA cooperative agreement among FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR,WHO, World Bank and OECDThis report contains the collective views of an international group of expertsand does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of theWorld Health OrganizationTheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)was established in 1980. The overall objec-tives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and theenvironment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisitefor the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening nationalcapacities for the sound management of publication was developed in the IOMC context.

2 The contents do not necessarily reflect theviews or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Programme for the sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)wasestablished in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment andDevelopment to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in the field of chemicalsafety. The Participating Organizations are: FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, WorldBank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activitiespursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management ofchemicals in relation to human health and the Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataAircraft DISINSECTION INSECTICIDES .

3 (Environmental health criteria; 243)1. Insect control. 2. Disinfection methods. 3. AIRCRAFT . 4. Aerospace medicine. 5. World Health 978 92 4 157243 9(NLM classification: WD 700)ISSN 0250-863X World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website ( ) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia,1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; ). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site ( ).

4 Thedesignations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of itsfrontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may notyet be full mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similarnature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products aredistinguished by initial capital reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the informa-tion contained in this publication.

5 However, the published material is being distributed without warrantyof any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the materiallies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising fromits report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarilyrepresent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health preparation of this report was funded by the European Commission and the Policy ResearchProgramme of the United Kingdom Department of Health. The views expressed in this report do notnecessarily reflect the views of these two , ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSviiPREFACEixPART A A GENERIC RISK ASSESSMENT MODELFORDISINSECTION OF AIRCRAFT WITHCHEMICAL INSECTICIDES1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS21.

6 INTRODUCTION42. PURPOSE73. Description of AIRCRAFT DISINSECTION Residual Pre-embarkation cabin Blocks away Pre-flight and top-of-descent Essential elements of a risk assessment model114. THE HUMAN HEALTH RISK Hazard assessment (hazard identification andhazard characterization) Sources of Types of health hazard Evaluation of the toxicity INSECTICIDES not recommended for use inaircraft Other special considerations in Dose response assessment and settingof acceptable exposure Exposure assessment27iiiEHC 243: AIRCRAFT DISINSECTION Measured data from the Modelling General parameters for Algorithms used to estimate exposureandabsorbed dose from residualspraying of AIRCRAFT Algorithms used to estimate exposureandabsorbed dose caused by spacespraying of AIRCRAFT Total exposure Uncertainties and assumptions inexposure determining factors and Risk characterization495.

7 CONCLUSIONS516. SUMMARY OF THE HUMAN HEALTH RISKASSESSMENT MODEL AND WORKEDEXAMPLES52 REFERENCES71 PART B EVALUATION OF CHEMICALINSECTICIDE PRODUCTS INTENDED FOR USEIN AIRCRAFT DISINSECTION77 INTRODUCTION78 EVALUATION OF RESIDUAL SPRAY CONCENTRATEPRODUCTS (PERMETHRIN)80 EVALUATION OF SPACE SPRAY AEROSOLPR ODUCTS FOR AIRCRAFT HOLD DISINSECTION90ivContentsEVALUATION OF SPACE SPRAY AEROSOLPRODUCTS FOR CABIN DISINSECTION (D-PHENOTHRIN)98 EVALUATION OF SPACE SPRAY AEROSOLPRODUCTS FOR CABIN DISINSECTION (PERMETHRIN)108 EVALUATION OF RESIDUAL SPRAY CONCENTRATEPRODUCTS (ETOFENPROX)115 EVALUATION OF SPACE SPRAY AEROSOLPRODUCTS FOR CABIN DISINSECTION (ETOFENPROX)

8 124 EVALUATION OF OTHER TYPES OFDISINSECTION METHOD134 REFERENCES135vTERMINOLOGY, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSADI acceptable daily ingredientAOEL acceptable operator exposure levelARfDacute reference doseATSDRA gency for Toxic Substances and Disease RegistryBMDbenchmark doseBMDL lower 95% confidence limit on the BMDEFSAE uropean Food Safety AuthorityGLPgood laboratory practiceguidelinescenariothe insecticide is used according to the instructionsgiven on the product label and in WHO guidelineinformationIARCI nternational Agency for Research on CancerIHRI nternational Health Regulations (2005)IPCSI nternational Programme on Chemical SafetyJECFAJ oint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on FoodAdditivesJMPMJ oint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide ManagementJMPRJ oint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residueslax standardscenarioa scenario representing less than optimumconditions, such as minor deviations frominstructions, missing or inadequate protectiveclothing.

9 Equipment not functioning perfectlyLD50median lethal doseLOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect levelNOAECno-observed-adverse-effect concentrationNOAELno-observed-adverse-ef fect levelOECDO rganisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopmentOELoccupational exposure levelPPEpersonal protective equipmentviiEHC 243: AIRCRAFT DISINSECTION InsecticidesPSDP esticides Safety Directorate of the UnitedKingdomRfCreference concentrationRfDreference doseTSDtolerable systemic doseTSDAC tolerable systemic dose for acute exposureTWAtime-weighted averageUFuncertainty factorUSEPAU nited States Environmental Protection AgencyWHOW orld Health OrganizationviiiPREFACETheEnvironmental Health Criteria monographs are intended toassist national and international authorities in making risk assessmentsand subsequent risk management decisions.

10 They represent a thoroughevaluation of risks and are not, in any sense, recommendations forregulation or standard setting. These latter are the exclusive purviewof national and regional World Health Organization, through the International HealthRegulations (2005), recommends the use of DISINSECTION techniquesin AIRCRAFT to help to minimize the spread of mosquito-borne control measures recommended by WHO include the use of chem-ical INSECTICIDES (WHO, 1985). WHO has published generic humanhealth risk assessment models for INSECTICIDES used for other publichealth purposes (WHO, 2011a and 2011b), and a decision was takenby WHO to develop a risk assessment model for AIRCRAFT disinsectioninsecticides, based on the same principles.


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