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Algebra Cheat Sheet - Lamar University

For a complete set of online Algebra notes visit 2005 Paul Dawkins Algebra Cheat Sheet Basic Properties & Facts Arithmetic Operations (),0bababacabcaccaaaacbbcbcbcacadbcacadb cbdbdbdbdabbaababcddccccaabacadbbcacabcd +=+= == +-+=-=--+==+-- + =+ = Exponent Properties ()()()()11011, 011nmmmnnmnmnmmmnmnnmnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnaaa aaaaaaaaaaababbbaaaaabbaaabaa+-----===== == == ==== Properties of Radicals 1,if is odd,if is evennnnnnnmnnmnnnnnnaaababaaaabbaanaan== ==== Properties of inequalities If thenand If and 0 then and If and 0 then and abacbcacbcababcacbcccababcacbccc<+<+-<-<> <<<<>> Properties of absolute value if 0if 0aaaaa = -< 0 Triangle Inequalityaaaaaababbbabab -===+ + Distance Formula If ()111,Pxy= and ()222,Pxy= are two points the distance between them is ()()()22122121,dPPxxyy=-+- Complex Numbers ()()()()()()()()()()()()()()22222211,0 Complex ModulusComplex Conjugateiiaiaaabicdiacbdiabicdiacbdiabi cdiacbdadbciabiabiababiababiabiabiabiabi =-=--= +++=++++-+=-+-++=-+++-=++=++=-++=+ For a complete set of online Algebra notes visit 2005 Paul Dawkins Logarithms and Log Properties Definition log is equivalent to ybyxxb== Example 35log1253 because 5125== Special Logarithms 10lnlognatural logloglogcommon logexxxx== where

Absolute Value Equations/Inequalities If b is a positive number or or pbpbpb pbbpb pbpbpb =Þ=-= <Þ-<< >Þ<-> Completing the Square Solve 2xx2-6-=100 (1) Divide by the coefficient of the x2 xx2-3-=50 (2) Move the constant to the other side. xx2-=35 (3) Take half the coefficient of x, square it and add it to both sides 22 233929 355 2244 xx ...

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Transcription of Algebra Cheat Sheet - Lamar University

1 For a complete set of online Algebra notes visit 2005 Paul Dawkins Algebra Cheat Sheet Basic Properties & Facts Arithmetic Operations (),0bababacabcaccaaaacbbcbcbcacadbcacadb cbdbdbdbdabbaababcddccccaabacadbbcacabcd +=+= == +-+=-=--+==+-- + =+ = Exponent Properties ()()()()11011, 011nmmmnnmnmnmmmnmnnmnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnaaa aaaaaaaaaaababbbaaaaabbaaabaa+-----===== == == ==== Properties of Radicals 1,if is odd,if is evennnnnnnmnnmnnnnnnaaababaaaabbaanaan== ==== Properties of inequalities If thenand If and 0 then and If and 0 then and abacbcacbcababcacbcccababcacbccc<+<+-<-<> <<<<>> Properties of absolute value if 0if 0aaaaa = -< 0 Triangle Inequalityaaaaaababbbabab -===+ + Distance Formula If ()111,Pxy= and ()222,Pxy= are two points the distance between them is ()()()22122121,dPPxxyy=-+- Complex Numbers ()()()()()()()()()()()()()()22222211,0 Complex ModulusComplex Conjugateiiaiaaabicdiacbdiabicdiacbdiabicdiacbdadbciabiabiababiababiabiabiabiabi=-=--= +++=++++-+=-+-++=-+++-=++=++=-++=+ For a complete set of online Algebra notes visit 2005 Paul Dawkins Logarithms and Log Properties Definition log is equivalent to ybyxxb== Example 35log1253 because 5125== Special Logarithms 10lnlognatural logloglogcommon logexxxx== where Logarithm Properties ()()loglog1log10logloglogloglogloglogloglogbbbxxbrbbbbbbbbbbxbxxrxxyxyxxyy======+ =- The domain of logbx is 0x> Factoring and Solving Factoring Formulas ()()()()()()()22222222222xaxaxaxaxaxaxax axaxabxabxaxb-=+-++=+-+=-+++=++ ()()()()()()3322333223332233223333xaxaxa xaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxa+++=+-+-=-+=+- +-=-++ ()()22nnnnnnxaxaxa-=-+ If n is odd then, ()()()()

2 12112231nnnnnnnnnnnxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxa--- -----=-++++=+-+-+LLQuadratic Formula Solve 20axbxc++=, 0a 242bbacxa- -= If 240bac-> - Two real unequal solns. If 240bac-= - Repeated real solution. If 240bac-< - Two complex solutions. Square Root Property If 2xp= then xp= absolute value Equations/ inequalities If b is a positive number ororpbpbpbpbbpbpbpbpb=fi=-=<fi-<<>fi<-> Completing the Square Solve 226100xx--= (1) Divide by the coefficient of the 2x 2350xx--= (2) Move the constant to the other side. 235xx-= (3) Take half the coefficient of x, square it and add it to both sides 222339293552244xx -+-=+-=+= (4) Factor the left side 232924x -= (5) Use Square Root Property 32929242x-= = (6) Solve for x 32922x= For a complete set of online Algebra notes visit 2005 Paul Dawkins Functions and Graphs Constant Function ()or yafxa== Graph is a horizontal line passing through the point ()0,a.

3 Line/Linear Function ()or ymxbfxmxb=+=+ Graph is a line with point ()0,b and slope m. Slope Slope of the line containing the two points ()11,xy and ()22,xy is 2121riserunyymxx-==- Slope intercept form The equation of the line with slope m and y-intercept ()0,b is ymxb=+ Point Slope form The equation of the line with slope m and passing through the point ()11,xy is ()11yymxx=+- Parabola/Quadratic Function ()()()22yaxhkfxaxhk=-+=-+ The graph is a parabola that opens up if 0a> or down if 0a< and has a vertex at (),hk. Parabola/Quadratic Function ()22yaxbxcfxaxbxc=++=++ The graph is a parabola that opens up if 0a> or down if 0a< and has a vertex at ,22bbfaa -- . Parabola/Quadratic Function ()22xaybycgyaybyc=++=++ The graph is a parabola that opens right if 0a> or left if 0a< and has a vertex at ,22bbgaa -- . Circle ()()222xhykr-+-= Graph is a circle with radius r and center (),hk.

4 Ellipse ()()22221xhykab--+= Graph is an ellipse with center (),hk with vertices a units right/left from the center and vertices b units up/down from the center. Hyperbola ()()22221xhykab---= Graph is a hyperbola that opens left and right, has a center at (),hk, vertices a units left/right of center and asymptotes that pass through center with slope ba . Hyperbola ()()22221ykxhba---= Graph is a hyperbola that opens up and down, has a center at (),hk, vertices b units up/down from the center and asymptotes that pass through center with slope ba . For a complete set of online Algebra notes visit 2005 Paul Dawkins Common Algebraic Errors Error Reason/Correct/Justification/Example 200 and 220 Division by zero is undefined! 239- 239-=-, ()239-= Watch parenthesis! ()325xx ()322226xxxxx== aaabcbc ++ 1111221111= +=+ 23231xxxx-- ++ A more complex version of the previous error.

5 Abxa+1bx + 1abxabxbxaaaa+=+=+ Beware of incorrect canceling! ()1axaxa-- -- ()1axaxa--=-+ Make sure you distribute the - ! ()222xaxa+ + ()()()2222xaxaxaxaxa+=++=++ 22xaxa+ + 22225253434347==+ +=+= xaxa+ + See previous error. ()nnnxaxa+ + and nnnxaxa+ + More general versions of previous three errors. ()()222122xx+ + ()()22221221242xxxxx+=++=++ ()2222484xxx+=++ Square first then distribute! ()()222221xx+ + See the previous example. You can not factor out a constant if there is a power on the parenthesis! 2222xaxa-+ -+ ()122222xaxa-+=-+ Now see the previous error. aabbcc 11aaacacbbbbcc === aacbcb 11aaaabbccbcbc ===


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