Transcription of An Introduction to Computer Networks
1 An Introduction to Computer NetworksRelease L DordalJul 26, 2019 CONTENTS0 Licensing .. Classroom Use .. Acknowledgments .. Progress Notes .. Technical considerations .. A Note On the Cover .. Recent Changes .. 101 An Overview of Layers .. Data Rate, Throughput and Bandwidth .. Packets .. Datagram Forwarding .. Topology .. Routing Loops .. Congestion .. Packets Again .. LANs and Ethernet .. IP - Internet Protocol .. DNS .. Transport .. Firewalls .. Some Useful Utilities .. IETF and OSI .. Berkeley Unix .. Epilog.
2 Exercises .. 402 10-Mbps Classic Ethernet .. 100 Mbps (Fast) Ethernet .. Gigabit Ethernet .. Ethernet Switches .. Spanning Tree Algorithm and Redundancy .. Virtual LAN (VLAN) .. TRILL and SPB .. Software-Defined Networking .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 783 Other Virtual Private Networks .. Carrier Ethernet .. Token Ring .. Virtual Circuits .. Asynchronous Transfer Mode: ATM .. Adventures in Radioland .. Wi-Fi .. WiMAX and LTE .. Fixed Wireless .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 1314 Encoding and Framing .. Time-Division Multiplexing.
3 Epilog .. Exercises .. 1475 Packet Delay .. Packet Delay Variability .. Packet Size .. Error Detection .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 1616 Abstract Sliding Building Reliable Transport: Stop-and-Wait .. Sliding Windows .. Linear Bottlenecks .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 1817 IP version The IPv4 Header .. Interfaces .. Special Addresses .. Fragmentation .. The Classless IP Delivery Algorithm .. IPv4 Subnets .. network Address Translation .. DNS .. Address Resolution Protocol: ARP .. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) .. Internet Control Message Protocol.
4 Unnumbered Interfaces .. Mobile IP .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 2258 IP version The IPv6 Header .. IPv6 Addresses .. network Prefixes .. IPv6 Multicast .. IPv6 Extension Headers .. Neighbor Discovery .. IPv6 Host Address Assignment .. Globally Exposed Addresses .. ICMPv6 .. IPv6 Subnets .. Using IPv6 and IPv4 Together .. IPv6 Examples Without a Router .. IPv6 Connectivity via Tunneling .. IPv6-to-IPv4 Connectivity .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 2619 Routing-Update Distance-Vector Routing-Update Algorithm .. Distance-Vector Slow-Convergence Problem.
5 Observations on Minimizing Route Cost .. Loop-Free Distance Vector Algorithms .. link -State Routing-Update Algorithm .. Routing on Other Attributes .. ECMP .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 28410 Large-Scale IP Classless Internet Domain Routing: CIDR .. Hierarchical Routing .. Legacy Routing .. Provider-Based Routing .. Geographical Routing .. Border Gateway Protocol, BGP .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 320iii11 UDP User Datagram Protocol UDP .. Trivial File Transport Protocol, TFTP .. Fundamental Transport Issues .. Other TFTP notes .. Remote Procedure Call (RPC).
6 Epilog .. Exercises .. 35012 TCP The End-to-End Principle .. TCP Header .. TCP Connection Establishment .. TCP and WireShark .. TCP Offloading .. TCP simplex-talk .. TCP state diagram .. TCP Old Duplicates .. TIMEWAIT .. The Three-Way Handshake Revisited .. Anomalous TCP scenarios .. TCP Faster Opening .. Path MTU Discovery .. TCP Sliding Windows .. TCP Delayed ACKs .. Nagle Algorithm .. TCP Flow Control .. Silly Window Syndrome .. TCP Timeout and Retransmission .. KeepAlive .. TCP timers .. Variants and Alternatives .. Epilog.
7 Exercises .. 39513 TCP Reno and Congestion Basics of TCP Congestion Management .. Slow Start .. TCP Tahoe and Fast Retransmit .. TCP Reno and Fast Recovery .. TCP NewReno .. Selective Acknowledgments (SACK) .. TCP and Bottleneck link Utilization .. Single Packet Losses .. TCP Assumptions and Scalability .. TCP Parameters .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 424iv14 Dynamics of A First Look At Queuing .. Bottleneck Links with Competition .. TCP Fairness with Synchronized Losses .. Notions of Fairness .. TCP Reno loss rate versuscwnd.. TCP Friendliness .. AIMD Revisited.
8 Active Queue Management .. The High-Bandwidth TCP Problem .. The Lossy- link TCP Problem .. The Satellite- link TCP Problem .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 46015 Newer TCP Choosing a TCP on Linux .. High-Bandwidth Desiderata .. RTTs .. A Roadmap .. Highspeed TCP .. TCP Vegas .. FAST TCP .. TCP Westwood .. TCP Illinois .. Compound TCP .. TCP Veno .. TCP Hybla .. DCTCP .. H-TCP .. TCP CUBIC .. TCP BBR .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 50216 network Simulations: The ns-2 simulator .. A Single TCP Sender .. Two TCP Senders Competing.
9 TCP Loss Events and Synchronized Losses .. TCP Reno versus TCP Vegas .. Wireless Simulation .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 55417 The ns-3 network Installing and Running ns-3 .. A Single TCP Sender .. Wireless .. Exercises .. 57318 Installing Mininet .. A Simple Mininet Example .. Multiple Switches in a Line .. IP Routers in a Line .. IP Routers With Simple Distance-Vector Implementation .. TCP Competition: Reno vs Vegas .. TCP Competition: Reno vs BBR .. Linux Traffic Control (tc) .. OpenFlow and the POX Controller .. Exercises .. 60819 Queuing and Queuing and Real-Time Traffic.
10 Traffic Management .. Priority Queuing .. Queuing Disciplines .. Fair Queuing .. Applications of Fair Queuing .. Hierarchical Queuing .. Hierarchical Weighted Fair Queuing .. Token Bucket Filters .. Applications of Token Bucket .. Token Bucket Queue Utilization .. Hierarchical Token Bucket .. Fair Queuing / Token Bucket combinations .. Epilog .. Exercises .. 65120 Quality of Net Neutrality .. Where the Wild Queues Are .. Real-time Traffic .. Integrated Services / RSVP .. Global IP Multicast .. RSVP .. Differentiated Services .. RED with In and Out.
