AN OVERVIEW OF MALAYSIA’s SEWERAGE …

1 9/22/20111AN OVERVIEW OF malaysia s SEWERAGE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTWAN ABD RAHIM WAN ABDULLAHP resenterDeputy Director GeneralSewerage Services DepartmentMinistry of Energy, Green Technology And WaterBACKGROUND OF SEWERAGE management IN malaysia MostlyUrban by Municipals, Rural by A new SEWERAGE Act 1993 (Act 508) was passed by the parliamentSewerage Services Department (SSD) was formed as regulator Agency for SEWERAGE under theIndah Water took over SEWERAGE management (O & M) in most states in Peninsular Ml iIndah water provides SEWERAGE services in 88 out of the 144 Local Authorities in malaysia (however not on holistic manner) Rest SEWERAGE Services were managed by the 144 Individual LocalIndah Water & Maajari as Service licensee under WSIA by local Sanitary BoardMinistry of Healthparliamentunder the new ActMalaysia)of the areas is still managed on Ad-Hoc basicBEFORE -INDEPENDENCEAFTER -INDEPENDENCEPRE-1994 June 1993 Dec 1993 Local AuthoritiesApril 1994 ONWARDSCURRENTLY1957Up to 20089/22/20112Te c h n o l o g yPrior to 1950-sEVOLUTION OF SANITATION IN MALAYSIAYe a r1950-s1970-s1980-s1990-s2000 Primitive / Primary TreatmentPartial / Full Secondary Treatment1960-sPour FlushSeptic TankImhoff TankOP/ALActivated Sludge/Biological FiltersFully MechanisedPlant(Address Public Health)(Address River Pollution)(Address Environment)Future TertiaryTreatmentEarly Days inMalayaGovernance Structure of SEWERAGE Services Ministry of Natural Resources &Ministry of Energy, Green Technology &Ministry of FinanceRegulator of SEWERAGE ServicesRegulator of Effluent StandardsResources & EnvironmentGreen Technology & Water1.

2 SEWERAGE Services 100% Equity Govt. Support Loan & SubsidyServices2. Operator in 102 Local Authority Areas. 3. SEWERAGE Services Billing & Collection. 4. Refurbishment/ upgrading projects funded by & Control of National SEWERAGE projects (CAPEX) of Pollution and Environment9/22/20113 SEWERAGE CAPITAL WORKSSEWERAGE CAPITAL WORKSTHERE IS A NEED FOR COORDINATED FINANCIAL INVESTMENT TO FURTHER IMPROVE QUALITYGOVERNMENT FUNDEDGOVERNMENT FUNDEDCONCESSIONAIRE FUNDEDCONCESSIONAIRE FUNDEDDEVELOPER FUNDEDDEVELOPER FUNDED Every 5 years National Plans SEWERAGE Capital Contribution Soft Loan and Capital Markets Built into Tariff Structure Part of Land and Property Development Major Contributor of SEWERAGE Capex Provide policy direction, goals & targets in line with National needs SPANP olicySPAN and Water Services Industry Act Economic regulation to protect customers and ensure sustainabilityPolicy & regulationAsset provisionSewerage services Government Capital Projects In line with policy direction.

3 Goals & targets determine asset needs Provide service to meet stakeholder expectation Assess asset needs of SL Determine funding and procurement strategies Provide assets & leaseFacilty LicenseeService Licensee9/22/20114 Areas of SEWERAGE Services Coverage Operations (under IWK) only cover 88 of 144 local authorities in M sia. The entire states of Kelantan The entire states of Kelantan (under Maajari), Sabah, Sarawak, Johor Bahru & Pasir Gudang not taken over although provided in Concession Agreement. Regional development authority areas such as KETENGAH &KEJORA are excluded TOTAL OPERATIONAL AREA AND POPULATION SERVED AREA (Sq. Km) % POPULATION EQUIVALENT (PE) % IWK 68, 19,333,568* NON-IWK 63, 7,361,729 TOTAL 132, 26,695,297 * Exclusive of million population utilising primitive (pour flush) systemsProfile of Public Sewage Treatment Plants (August 2011)Cl S i Tk & Ihff Tk 4,369 ,154 kmMechanical plants4,547 PlApprox.

4 Million Individual Septic Tanks but only 35% are accepting Scheduled Desludging iCommunal Septic Tanks & Imhoff Tank Oxidation PondsPipe NetworkPump Stations825 Septic TanksMechanical PlantservicesTotal Population Equivalent Served via connected PE (public plants excluding CSTs) is millionSewerage Asset (Aug 2011)15,154 kmLength Of SEWERAGE Pipes825 unitsNo of Pumping Station5,706 unitsNo of STPs (excludes CST)9/22/20115 Type of PremisesType of CustomersBasis of BillingsDomesitcOnce Every 6 Accounts:From RM 2 , RM 3, RM 6 & millionRM 8 per monthSewerage Service Customers & Tariff Accounts:21 bands Based on220kAnnual Value &Excess Charge >100 m3 IndustrialMonthlyNo. of Accounts:Head Count Between4kRM 2 (IST) or RM (Conn)per head & per monthMinimum Charges RM20/RM 25 per monthGovernmentOnce Every 6 Months9yQuartersRM6 (IST) or RM8 (Conn) Accounts:per month105kGovernmentMonthlyPremisesBasic Charge RM 25 (IST)No.

5 Of Accounts:or RM 40 (Conn)11kExcess Charge > millionWho Benefits from SEWERAGE Services?How Do They Benefit?Type of Beneficiary?Who Should Pay?Possible Method for ChargingPrivate GoodPublic GoodPolluter Pay *Beneficiary Pay **USERR emove wastes from PremisesXXUser Charge-Improved Public What is a Fair & Equitable SEWERAGE Charging Mechanism?COMMUNITYpHealth - Enhance Land / Property ValueXCommunity Tax /Property taxWATER RESOURCES ocial and Economic Activities Associated to WaterwaysXXCess TaxENVIRONMENTH ealthier & Pleasant Place to LiveXXEnvironmental TaxECONOMY / INDUSTRYD evelopment of Commercial / Industrial Enterprise : tourism, XXIndustry Tax Pay for damages caused to environment Pay for damages caused to environment ( Pollution Control Costs ) ( Pollution Control Costs ) ** Pay for benefits gained from clean environment ** Pay for benefits gained from clean environment g,businesses, / STATEO verall Benefits for ProgressionXXGovernment Tax (Quit Rent)THE CURRENT THOUGHTS OF FULL COST RECOVERY FROM USERS MAY NEED TO BE REVIEWED TO INTRODUCE A FAIR AND EQUITABLE CHARGING FOR SEWERAGE SERVICES9/22/20116 Communications Programmes To Increase Willingness to PayCommunications Programs through the APPEAL APPROACH users (present & future)2 Eitl& & Health Awareness Social Responsibility Tools/Avenues Employed Events2 Media Outreach (TV/Radio/News Print Educational Avertorials)

6 Materials SEWERAGE Planning & DevelopmentPlanning Strategy SEWERAGE Catchment Strategy(SCS) toprovidesystematicandintegrateddevelopm ent of SEWERAGE infrastructure andsludgemanagementfacilitiessludgemanag ementfacilities Strategies based on drainage basin or byLocal Authorities Long term regionalization concept coupledwith interim strategies to address currentissues Prioritization based on availabilityoffundsyand affordability Application of Integrated GIS system withcomprehensive asset database for effectivedevelopment planningBUKITKIARATAM ANT U N D R I S M A ILTAM ANTUN DR ISMAILBANDARUTAMADAMANSARATAM ANTUN DR ISMAILSS 21SS22 ASS22SS23SS2 DAM AN SABU K IT 50490600 00 DAMANSARABU KITTAM AN60000IS M AILT UN D RTAMAN60 00 KIARABUKIT BUKIT KIARAT U N D R I S M A ILTAM ANTUN DR ISMAILBANDARUTAMADAMANSARATAM ANTUN DR ISMAILSS 21600 00 DAMANSARABU KITTAM AN60000IS M AILT UN D RTAMAN60 00 BUKIT KIARASS21 BUKIT

7 KIARAEASTIN HOTEL &PH ILE O D A MA NSA RACOMMERCIAL AREA9/22/20117 Jelutong Sewage OutfallJelutong Sewage Treatment PlantExample of Improvement After Effective Planning & Development ControlsBayan Baru STPA fter: New STP (design million)Before: Sewage discharged direct to coastal watersUpgraded Bayan Baru STPB efore: Undersized Lagoons (design PE: 20,000) was grossly overloadedAfter: New STP (design PE: 200,000) meets environmental requirements with higher efficiency Refurbishment and upgrading of existing public treatment plants and sewers to ensure acceptable performancePlanned Refurbishment Works to Improve Public SEWERAGE Facilities Refurbishment is prioritised according to several categories as follows:- Refurbishment of STPs:a)Safety & aestheticsb)Mechanical worksc)Electrical worksd)Civil workse)Major Treatment Performance ()(process)- Refurbishment of Sewer network:a)CCTV investigationsb)Rehabilitation 9/22/20118 BeforeAfterBefore and After RefurbishmentTaman Bunga Raya (Semenyih) - Biosoil to Mechanical PlantTaman Semenyih Jaya (Semenyih) - Biosoil to Mechanical Plant15 SEWERAGE Development Controls & GuidelinesDevelopment Controls-National Guidelines Nationwide standardization of SEWERAGE infrastructure requirements.

8 Developer G id liltb ilt tGuidelines ensures new plants are built to comply with Department of Environment Standard. Development Controls -Certification Services Instituted certification process for take over of Instituted certification process for take over of SEWERAGE assets from private developers. Since 1994, processed approximately 15,000 submissions per year. Established system to ensure sewage treatment plants are designed & built to required quality to meet Health & Safety, Environmental and Operational & Maintain Sewage Treatment Plants:-Expertise in wide range of treatment technologies and systemsOperation & Maintenance of SEWERAGE Systems-Monitoring of treatment process performance & plant optimisation -Scheduled equipments & instrumentations maintenance works (Preventive maintenance)-Manage automated control systems ( SCADA for large plants) -Repair works.

9 Structures, fences, internal road -Housekeeping, cleaning, aesthetic, safety-Laboratory analysis of effluent and sludge quality as required by Department of Environment malaysia Systematic program for septic tank desludging services were put in place by Operator Dedicated sludge treatment facilities with Environmental Operation & Maintenance of SEWERAGE Systems- Sewer Blockages, Desludging Services & Sludge ManagementAssessment approval nationwidePUBLIC SEWER BLOCKAGES25,00023,87522,50026,50024,7632 4,17320,89820,54423, ,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,000200120 0220032004200520062007200820092010 Total A tten d ed w ith in L O SDESLUDGING SERVICES80,000100,000120,000140,000160,0 00180,000ing S e rv ic e s F u lf ille d100 000150,000200,000250,000ng Services Fulfilled* Note : Numbers from Customer Operation Enquiries and Desludging System (COEDs) (Averages about 100,000 IST/year in manual records)YEARNo of Enquiries% attended within LOS* Note : With WSIA implementation in 2008, IWK is not responsible for providing schedule desludging services of septic tank and CSTs020,00040,00060,000N o.

10 O f D e s lu dg050,000100,000 Total D esludginSchedule, Demand & Repeat93,583116,311136,368 153,468 160,933151,455 158,946 54,82957,55070,877P o ur Flush & Respo nsive33,02231,36632,15632,21332,50032,35 038,42741,66537,88740,306To tal Desludged126,605 147,677 168,524 185,681 193,433 183,805 197,373 96,49495,437111,183200120022003200420052 0062007200820092010 On the average, 22,610 cases of blockages were received in a year or 1,884 cases per month. About 97% of the cases were resolved within the Level of Service of within 48 hours. From 2006, the Level of Service improved from 48 hrs to 24 sludge treatment facilities with Department of Environment approval nationwideOperation & Maintenance of SEWERAGE Systems- Sewer Blockages, Desludging Services & Sludge management Cont CURRENT SLUDGE FACILITIESI ntegrated Sludge Reception FacilityCompleted : 6 NosSludge Lagoon SystemCompleted : 1 NosDedicated Sludge Drying BedsCompleted : 3 NosTrenching SystemCompleted : 25 NosFilter Press83 unitsBelt Press58 unitsCentrifuge19 unitsMechanical Dewatering UnitCompleted : 23 NosDedicated Centralised Sludge TreatmentCompleted : 8 Nos Effluent compliance based on 12 months average have hkdiOperation & Maintenance of SEWERAGE Systems- Improvements to the 0006,00090%100%rdPublic STPs Compliance against Effluent StandardPublic STPs Compliance against Effluent Standardshown marked increase.