AP Chemistry Notes - Akiscode

1 AP Chemistry NotesStephen AkikiColchester High SchoolDownload at Special Thanks to Stephen Bosley (Boser)Contents1 FOREWORD/DISCLAIMER42 Solubility Soluble .. Insoluble .. Naming Rules ..53 Periodic Table of Elements54 Poly Atomic Naming65 Common Units, Constants and Fundamental Constants .. Charge .. Radius ..76 Atomic Thompson .. Robert Millikan .. Ernest Rutherford .. Chadwick .. John Dalton ..77 Binary .. Prefixes .. Ionic .. Acids ..88 Cations99 Reaction Combination (Synthesis).

2 Decomposition .. Binary Salt Splits .. Combustion ..1010 Blackbody Radiation1011 Bohr Energy Level Formula .. Energy Change during Level Jumps ..11112 De Broglie Formulas ..1113 Quantum Quantum Value Table .. Special cases ..1214 Electron Configuration .. Isoelectricity ..1315 Nuclear Isotopes .. Radiation .. Alpha Radiation .. Beta Radiation .. Gamma Radiation .. Positron Radiation .. Electron Capture .. Nuclear Equations .. Radiation Table .. Nuclear Stability .. Forces Invloved.

3 Belt of Stability .. Magic Numbers .. Half-Life ..1716 Ionization and Ionization Energy .. Electron Afinity ..1717 Reactions of Metals1718 Chemical Intramolecular .. Ionic Bonding .. Covalent Bonding .. Metallic Bonding .. Intermolecular .. Ion-Dipole .. Dipole-Dipole .. Hydrogen Bond .. London Dispersion/Van der Waals .. Intermolecular Flowchart .. Rule of Octet ..1919 Lewis Structures for Atoms .. Structures for Ions .. Structure for Ions of Molecules .. Lewis Structures for Molecular Structures (Covalent).

4 Resonance Structures .. Formal Charge ..2120 Lattice Energies of Ionic Solids2121 Bond Lengths of Covalent Bonds2222 Dipole .. Dipole Moment ..22223 Bond Enthalpy2324 Bond Shape Table ..2325 Organic Polarity .. Alkanes .. Alkane Branch Structure Naming .. Branch Structure Naming Table .. Alkenes .. Alkene Naming .. Alkynes .. Alkyne Naming ..2726 Functional Alcohol .. Aldehyde .. Carboxylic Acid .. Ester .. Ketone .. Ether .. Amine .. Amide .. Haloalkane ..2927 Complex Cations.

5 Anions .. Coordination Number .. Naming .. Cations .. Anions ..3028 Acidic and Basic Acidic .. Basic ..3129 Enthalpy .. Stoichiometry Problems .. Calorimetry .. Hess Law .. Standard Heat of Formation .. Entropy .. State of Matter .. Number of Moles of Gasses .. Pressure of Gas .. Gibbs Law of Free Energy .. H, S, G, Relationship Table ..3430 Chemical Kinetics and Rate Physical State .. Concentration .. Temperature .. Pressure of Gas .. Catalysts and Inhibitors .. Rate Laws .. Order Table.

6 35331 Reaction Elementary Steps ..3732 Types of Equilibrium .. Equilibrium Constant Expressions .. Converting Constants ..3733 Gas Gas Units and Conversions .. Ideal Gas Law .. Real Gas Law .. Combined Gas Law .. Daltons Law of Partial Pressures .. Gas Collection over a Water Solution ..3934 ICE ICE (Baby)3935 Acids and Definitions of Acids and Bases .. pH and pOH .. Changing Concentrations .. Strong Acids and Bases .. Strong Acids .. Strong Bases .. Weak Acids and Bases .. Common Ion Effect .. Buffer.

7 4136 Equilibrium of Saturated, Soluable Salts4237 Kinetic Molecular Postulates: .. Root Mean Square Velocity .. Effusion and Diffusion .. Effusion .. Diffusion .. Finding the rate ..4338 Electro Identifying Oxidation Numbers .. Galvanic/Voltaic Cells .. Calculating Cell Potential .. Nernst Equation to FindE cell..4439 Balancing Redox Acidic .. Basic ..451 FOREWORD/DISCLAIMERF irst and formost, I am going to say what everone has on their really should not just forgetabout taking Notes anymore in AP Chemistry class because of this packet.

8 This packet is meant to be areviewand should be used as such. However that does not mean you can use this packet as your mainnotes and write Notes in the margins to supplement your take into account that this entirething was written over the course of 4 days. As such it is inevitable that I made mistakes in spelling you have any questions/comments/fixes to the text you can email me at Luck42 Solubility Soluble NitratesNO 13- All nitrates are soluble ChloratesClO 13- All chlorates are soluble Alkali metal Cations and Ammonium cation compoundsNH+14are all soluble Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides are all soluble EXCEPTAg+1,Pb+2, andHg+2 Acetates - All are soluble exceptAg+ Sulfates - All are soluble exceptBa+2,Pb+2,Hg+2,Ca+2,Ag+1.

9 AndSr+ Insoluble CarbonatesCO 23- all carbonates are insoluble except alkali metals and ammonium compounds ChromatesCrO 24- all chromates are insoluble except alkali metals, ammonium,Ca+2, andSr+2 HydroxidesOH 1- all hydroxides are insoluble except alkali metals, ammonium,Ba+2,Sr+2, andCa+2although the last two (Sr+2andCa+2) are only slightly soluble so a precipitate can form. PhosphatesPO 34all are insoluble except alkali metals and ammonium SulfitesSO 23all are insoluble except alkali metals and ammonium SulfidesS 2all are insoluble except Alkali metals, alkali earth metals and Naming Rules All strong acids and bases are soluble and should be written as the ions when completing net acid (H2SO4) should be written asH++HSO 14 The strong acids are.

10 HCL,HBR,HI,HNO3,HClO4, andH2SO4 Strong bases are any alkali metal hydroxides (LiOH,NaOH, etc) andCa(OH)2,Sr(OH)2,Ba(OH)2 All acids and bases should be left in their molecular form:.Acetic acid HC2H3O23 Periodic Table of Elements54 Poly Atomic Naming ZincZn+2 SilverAg+1 AmmoniumNH+14 HydroxideOH 1 CyanideCN 1 NitrateNO 13 AcetateC2H3O 12 ChlorateClO 13 BromateBrO 13 IodateIO 13 ManganateMnO 13 SulfateSO 24 Bisulfate (Hydrogen Sulfate)HSO 14 CarbonateCO 23 Bicarbonate (Hydrogen Carbonate)HCO 13 SelenateSeO 24 Biselenate (Hydrogen Selenate)HSeO 14 OxalateC2O 24 PhosphatePO 34 Hydrogen PhosphateHPO 24 Dihydrogen PhosphateH2PO 14 ChromateCrO 24 PerAteAteIteHypoItePerIcIcOusHypoOus+1 OxygenMost Common Ion-1 Oxygen-2 Oxygen5 Common Units, Constants and Fundamental Constants Avogadros Number (N).