APPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUAL

1 NAVSEAT raining ManualAPPLIED ENGINEERINGPRINCIPLES MANUALNAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMANDNAVY DEPARTMENTWASHINGTON, ManualAPPLIED ENGINEERINGPRINCIPLES MANUALNAVAL SEA SYSTEMS command NAVY DEPARTMENTREV. 1, ACN-1, MAY 2003 Record of RevisionsRecord of RevisionsRevision 1 (IETM issue only)June 2001 Rev. 1, ACN-1, May 2003iAPPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALR ecord of Advance Change NoticesACN-1 May 2003iiRev. 1, ACN-1, May 2003 List of Effective UnitsList of Effective UnitsTextRevisioninEffectRevisionDateTit le PageRevision 1, ACN-1 May 2003i through xivRevision 1, ACN-1 May 20031-1 through 1-106 Revision 1, ACN-1 May 20032-1 through 2-94 Revision 1, ACN-1 May 20033-1 through 3-100 Revision 1, ACN-1 May 20034-1 through 4-58 Revision 1, ACN-1 May 20035-1 through 5-30 Revision 1, ACN-1 May 20036-1 through 6-34 Revision 1, ACN-1 May 20037-1 through 7-14 Revision 1, ACN-1 May 2003 Rev.

2 1, ACN-1, May 2003iiiAPPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALT able of ContentsTextPage NumberChapter 1 ELECTRICAL Of Magnetic Linear Current of A-C Power (Q).. of A-C Circuit Systems And Delta Wye In Three-Phase Generator Operating Operation Of A-C Motor 1, ACN-1, May 2003 Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTextPage Aid For Electrical Replacement And Electrical Ungrounded Electrical Submarine Storage Measuring 2 ELECTRONICS State Of Magnetic Of Magnetic Double-Core Characteristics And And Magnetic Of Magnetic 1, ACN-1, May 2003vAPPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALT able of ContentsTextPage Measurement Design Of Thermometer Measuring Advantages And Disadvantages Of Resistance Radiation Rate Instrumentation Power Regulator Integrated Circuit Number Between Boolean Expressions And Logic Logic 1, ACN-1.

3 May 2003 Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTextPage Computer Of A Microprocessor-Based A Microprocessor-Based A Microprocessor-Based Data 3 REACTOR THEORY And Atomic , Constants, And Conversion Of The Of Energy Per Nucleon (BE/A).. ( ) ( +) Capture (EC) General Reaction Compound Of Induced Nuclear 1, ACN-1, May 2003viiAPPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALT able of ContentsTextPage Drop Fragment Yield From From Reaction Cross Cross Dependence Of Microscopic Cross Cross Free Slowing Probability Density Function For The Energy Of Logarithmic Energy Down Power And Moderating Energy From Density, Flux, Reaction Rates, And Down, Diffusion, And Migration Down 1, ACN-1, May 2003 Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTextPage Life Cycle And The Six-Factor Life , Leakage, And Flux Utilizing Coefficient Of Reactivity And Of For With Increasing With With Fission Reactor Kinetics First Kinetics Second Kinetics Period And Startup Transient Startup Rate To Power 1, ACN-1.

4 May 2003ixAPPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALT able of ContentsTextPage Probability Neutron 4 MECHANICAL Energy And Mass Equations For Blade Velocity Diagram For Impulse Turbine Turbine And Mollier Cycles (Steam Cycle).. Plant (Oil).. Displacement of Steam Operated Steam Type Steam 1, ACN-1, May 2003 Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTextPage Actuated Steam Relief Operated And Propulsion Plant Energy Removed From Reactor By Primary Transfer From Primary To Secondary Rejected To 5 CHEMISTRY , Ions, And And And The Periodic , Compounds And And Of And And Atomic Weight (GAW) And Gram Formula Weight (GFW).. Per Million And Parts Per Reactions And Factors That Effect Chatelier s Principle And Equilibrium Ion And And Constant For pH And And Dilution Calculations (C1V1=C2V2).

5 And pH for Strong Acid/Strong Base Base Or Acid Equilibrium 1, ACN-1, May 2003xiAPPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALT able of ContentsTextPage Gas s Of 6 MATERIALS Of Properties Of Of Of Irradiation On Due To Neutron Scattering Effect Of Neutron Irradiation On The Mechanical Properties And Steel Of Of 7 CALCULATIONS AND 1, ACN-1, May 2003 Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTextPage Flow Or Control Thumbrules For Dose 1, ACN-1, May 2003xiiiAPPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALList of ReferencesReferenceDocumentNumberNumberT itle1 NAVSEA S8921 TA-TXT-000/(R)T-1, Reactor Core Materials2 NAVSEA S8921 TJ-TXT-000/(R)T-8, Plant Materials3 NAVSEA S8921 TH-TXT-000(R)T-9, Reactor Principles4 NAVSEA S8921 TK-TXT-010/(N)T-10, Water Chemistry Fundamentals,Volume I5 NAVSEA S8921 TK-TXT-020/(R)T-10, Water Chemistry Fundamentals,Volume II6 NAVSEA S8921 TP-TXT-000/(R)T-14, APPLIED Mechanical Principles7 NAVSEA S8921 TS-TXT-000/(N)T-17, Radiological Fundamentals8 NAVSEA S8921 GA-TXT-000/(N)T-20, Enlisted Mathematics9 NAVSEA S8921 GD-TXT-000/(R)T-23, Reactor Plant Technology10 NAVSEA S8921 LA-TXT-000/(N)T-30, Officer MathematicsxivRev.

6 1, ACN-1, May 2003 Chapter 1 ELECTRICAL REVIEWC hapter 1 ELECTRICAL REVIEWS ection Fundamentals Of DefinitionsCurrent(I). The flow of charge past a point (in reality, only electrons (negative charges) are free to move ina conductor, but because of convention, positive charges are used to describe current flow). Measured inamperes(amp).1 amp = 1 coulomb per secondThroughout this text, the direction of current flow is defined as the direction in which positive charges flow;that is, from positive to negative, through a device which is receiving electrical energy such as a radio or amotor, and from negative to positive through a source of electrical energy such as a battery or 1-1illustrates this sign convention. The short line of the battery symbol always represents the negativeterminal regardless of current 1-1 Sign Conventions For (a) Sources And Loads And (b) BatteriesVoltage(E or V).

7 Voltage is also called potential, potential difference, or electromotive force (emf). Defined asthe work per unit charge necessary to move a charge from one terminal (or point) to the involts(symbol V).1 volt = 1 joule per coulombRev. 1, ACN-1, May 20031-1 APPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALThe symbol for avoltage rise(or source), as across a battery or generator, is e or E. Avoltage dropisindicated by v or (R). Defined as the property of a material which opposes theflow of currentand thus makes itnecessary to expend energy to move charge through it. Measured inohms(symbol). Schematic symbolOhm sLaw. Valid for d-c or purely resistive a-c 1-1 VIR=Capacitance(C). Defined as that property of an element or circuit which opposes anychange in acts as a load whenever the voltage across it increases in magnitude and acts as a source wheneverthe voltage across it decreases in magnitude.

8 As long as the voltage remains constant, the capacitor storescharge in its electric field. Measured infarads(symbol f). Schematic symbolmicrofarads ( f) 1 f=10-6fpicofarads (pf) 1 pf = (L). Defined as that property of an element or circuit which opposes anychange in inductor acts as a load whenever the current through it increases in magnitude and acts as a sourcewhenever the current through it decreases in magnitude. Measured inhenries(symbol h). Schematic symbolmillihenries (mh) 1 mh = 10-3hmicrohenries ( h) 1 h= Some NotationThroughout this MANUAL , a lower case letter such as e or v for voltage, or i for current, signifies that the quantityvaries with time. When discussing values which remain constant, capital letters are Simple CircuitsSeries Resistances1-2 Rev. 1, ACN-1, May 2003 Chapter 1 ELECTRICAL REVIEWE xhibit 1-2 Series Resistance CircuitParallel ResistancesExhibit 1-3 Parallel Resistance CircuitSpecial Case: two resistors in parallelEquation 1-2 RRRR Rt1212=+Series CapacitorsRev.

9 1, ACN-1, May 20031-3 APPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALE xhibit 1-4 Series Capacitor CircuitParallel CapacitorsExhibit 1-5 Parallel Capacitor CircuitSeries Inductors1-4 Rev. 1, ACN-1, May 2003 Chapter 1 ELECTRICAL REVIEWE xhibit 1-6 Series Inductor CircuitParallel InductorsExhibit 1-7 Parallel Inductor Circuit LawsKirchhoff sCurrentLaw(Exhibit 1-8). The algebraic sum of the currents at any node is zero. The sum ofthe currents entering a node must be equal to the sum of the currents leaving a node. Convention is currentleaving the node is defined to be 1-8 Kirchhoff s Current LawRev. 1, ACN-1, May 20031-5 APPLIED ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES MANUALK irchhoff sVoltageLaw(Exhibit 1-9). The algebraic sum of the potential differences around any closed loopis zero. The sum of the voltage rises must be equal to the sum of the voltage 1-9 Kirchhoff s Voltage D-C PowerPower is the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is expended.

10 The unit for power is thewattwhich is equal to one joule per second. In a d-c circuitEquation 1-3 PIE=Alternate forms:Equation 1-4 PIR2=Equation 1-5P=ER2where P is in watts, I in amperes, E in volts, and R in definitions of current, voltage, and power should make the following statements clear:1. Power is produced if current leaves the positive terminal of an Power is expended (consumed) if current enters the positive Basic Magnetic PrinciplesThe effects of a simple bar magnet are well known. At each end of the bar magnet there is a concentrationof magnetic force. These areas of concentration are known as magnetic poles. Magnetic poles always existin pairs. Likepoles repeland unlikepoles 1, ACN-1, May 2003 Chapter 1 ELECTRICAL REVIEWThe area surrounding the magnet which exerts a magnetic force on magnetic materials is known as themagneticfield.