Applying Safety Data and Analysis to Performance-Based ...

1 Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. The Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document. Quality Assurance Statement The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies ar e used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information.

2 FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. FHWA-SA-15-089 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient s Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle Applying Safety data and Analysis to Performance-Based Transportation Planning 5. Report Date November 2015 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) Nicole Waldheim, Elizabeth Wemple, , Joseph Fish 8. Performing Organization Report No. 9. Performing Organization Name And Address Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 4800 Hampden Lane, Suite 800 Bethesda, MD 20814 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-10-D-00020-T-14-020 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Office of Safety 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 13.

3 Type of Report and Period Covered Technical Report, September 2014 through October 2015 14. Sponsoring Agency Code FHWA 15. Supplementary Notes FHWA Project Manager (COTM): Chimai Ngo Technical Panel: Dave Harris, Esther Strawder, and Jim Thorne Additional FHWA Reviewers: Rob Ritter, James Garland, Ray Krammes, Lorrie Lau, Tameka Macon, Michelle Noch, Kevin Burgess, Rob Ayers, Keith Harrison, Gene Amparano, Bob Pollack, Danielle Betkey, Marc Starnes, and Stuart Thompson. The FHWA Division Offices also provided inputs at the beginning of the project. 16. Abstract This guidebook provides State departments of transportation (DOT) and metropolitan planning organization (MPO) planners with a framework for navigating the fundamentals and advanced methods of Safety data collection and Analysis .

4 It also demonstrates how the results of that Analysis can be applied to the Performance-Based transportation planning process to develop Safety goals, objectives, performance measures, and targets; identify and prioritize projects; and evaluate progress towards Safety priorities. 17. Key Words Transportation Safety planning, crash data , data collection, data Analysis , Performance-Based planning 18. Distribution Statement No restrictions 19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified 20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified 21. No. of Pages 100 22. Price N/A Form DOT F (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized Applying Safety data and Analysis to Performance-Based Transportation Planning i Ta b l e of Contents Introduction.

5 1 Audience, Purpose, and Guidebook Structure .. 3 Who Should Use this Guidebook? .. 3 Why the Guidebook is a Useful Tool? .. 3 Guidebook Components .. 4 Performance-Based Planning Process .. 4 Getting Started with Transportation Safety Planning data Collection .. 4 Safety Analysis Questions and Tools .. 4 Applying Safety data and Analysis to Inform Decisionmaking .. 5 Performance-Based Planning Processes .. 7 The Transportation Planning Process .. 7 data Collection and Analysis .. 9 Goals and Objectives .. 9 Performance Measures and Targets .. 9 Project Prioritization and Programming .. 9 Evaluation .. 9 The Strategic Highway Safety Planning Process .. 10 The SHSP data -Driven Planning 10 SHSPs and Transportation Plans.

6 11 Integrating Safety during the Transportation Planning Process .. 12 Getting Started with Transportation Safety Planning data Collection .. 15 Institutional Considerations .. 15 Collaboration and Coordination .. 15 Organizational Capacity .. 16 Funding .. 16 Liability .. 17 Common Types of Safety data and Application to Planning Processes .. 17 Crash data .. 18 Roadway Characteristics .. 21 Traffic Volume .. 22 Applying Safety data and Analysis to Performance-Based Transportation Planning ii Integrating Crash, Roadway, and Volume data .. 24 Other Safety 24 data Quality .. 25 Timeliness .. 25 Accuracy .. 26 Completeness .. 26 Consistency/Uniformity .. 26 Integration.

7 26 Accessibility .. 27 Obtaining Safety data .. 27 Raw data .. 27 Generated Reports .. 28 Web Interfaces and Tools .. 29 Custom Inquiries .. 30 Using Safety Analyses for Planning .. 31 Benchmarking .. 32 methods for Benchmarking .. 32 Identify Crash Trends and Contributing Factors .. 34 methods for Identifying Crash Trends and Contributing Factors .. 34 Identify and Evaluate Focus Crash Types .. 37 methods for Identifying and Evaluating Focus Crash Types .. 38 Network Screening Identify Sites for Safety 40 methods for Network Screening .. 41 Systemic Analysis Identify Safety Risk Factors .. 43 FHWA Systemic Safety Project Selection Tool .. 44 Corridor and Intersection Planning Safety Analysis .

8 45 Crash Diagrams .. 46 Crash Modification Factors .. 47 AASHTO HSM Predictive Method .. 47 Applying Safety data and Analysis to Inform Decisionmaking .. 49 Institutional Considerations .. 49 Legislation .. 49 Collaboration and Coordination .. 49 Applying Safety data and Analysis to Performance-Based Transportation Planning iii Organizational Capacity .. 51 Funding .. 51 Using Safety data and Analysis to Develop Goals and Objectives .. 52 Qualitative Safety Goals .. 52 data -Driven Safety Goals .. 53 data -Driven Safety Objectives .. 57 Using Safety data and Analysis to Develop Performance Measures and Targets .. 62 Performance Measures .. 62 6. Performance Targets .. 64 Evaluating System Performance.

9 66 Using Safety data and Analysis for Project Prioritization and Programming .. 68 Transportation Projects Integrating Safety .. 69 Safety Projects .. 71 Evaluating Projects .. 74 Conclusions .. 77 Appendix A. Tools and Resources .. 79 Appendix B. Safety Analysis Objectives and methods .. 83 Appendix C. Risk Ratio .. 85 Appendix D. Regression to the Mean .. 87 Applying Safety data and Analysis to Performance-Based Transportation Planning v List of Tables Table Safety Integration in the Transportation Planning Process .. 13 Table Raw Crash data Sample .. 28 Table Safety Analysis Categories and 31 Table Network Screening Safety Goal Setting .. 57 Table Sample Safety Goal and Nationally Required Performance Measures.

10 62 Table Relationship between Performance Measures and Goals and 64 Table Relationship between Goals, Performance Measures, and Targets .. 64 Table data -Driven Performance Targets Related to Safety Goal .. 65 Table data -Driven Performance Targets Related to Safety Goal .. 66 Table Safety data , Analysis , and Application Resources and Tools .. 79 Table Safety Analysis Categories, Questions, Tools, and data Needs .. 83 Table Risk Ratio data for Crashes in Rural Areas .. 85 Table Risk Ratio data for DUI Crashes .. 86 Table Risk Ratio data for Rural DUI Crashes .. 86 Applying Safety data and Analysis to Performance-Based Transportation Planning vii List of Figures Figure Flowchart. Guidebook Outline .. 3 Figure Flowchart.