Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching

1 Approaches and Methods inLanguage Teaching cambridge University University Press978-0-521-80365-6 - Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching , Second EditionJack C. Richards and Theodore S. RodgersFrontmatterMore information cambridge Language Teaching LIBRARYA series covering central issues in Language Teaching and learning, by authorswho have expert knowledge in their this series:Affect in Language Learning edited by Jane ArnoldApproaches and Methods in Language Teaching , Second Edition, by Jack and Theodore S. RodgersAppropriate Methodology and Social Context by Adrian HollidayBeyond Training by Jack C. RichardsCollaborative Action Research for english Language Teachers by Anne BurnsCollaborative Language Learning and Teaching edited by David NunanCommunicative Language Teaching By William LittlewoodDesigning Tasks for the Communicative Classroom by David NunanDeveloping Reading Skills by Fran coise GrelletDevelopments in english for Specific Purposes by Tony Dudley-Evans and MaggieJo St.

2 JohnDiscourse Analysis for Language Teachers by Michael McCarthyDiscourse and Language Education by Evelyn HatchEnglish for Academic Purposes by R. R. JordanEnglish for Specific Purposes by Tom Hutchinson and Alan WatersEstablishing Self-Access: From Theory to Practice by David Gardner and LindsayMillerForeign and Second Language Learning by William LittlewoodLanguage Learning in Intercultural Perspective edited by Michael Byram andMichael FlemingThe Language Teaching Matrix by Jack C. RichardsLanguage Test Construction and Evaluation by J. Charles Alderson, CarolineChapham, and Dianne WallLearner-centredness as Language Education by Ian TudorManaging Curricular Innovation by Numa MarkeeMaterials Development in Language Teaching edited by Brian TomlinsonNew Immigrants in the United States edited by Sandra Lee McKay and Sau-lingCynthia WongPsychology for Language Teachers by Marion Williams and Robert L.

3 BurdenResearch Methods in Language Learning by David NunanSecond Language Teacher Education edited by Jack C. Richards and David NunanSociety and the Language Classroom edited by Hywel ColemanTeacher Learning in Language Teaching edited by Donald Freeman and Jack the Spoken Language by Gillian Brown and George YuleUnderstanding Research in Second Language Learning by James Dean BrownVocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy edited by Norbert Schmitt andMichael McCarthyVocabulary, Semantics, and Language Education by Evelyn Hatch and CherylBrownVoices From the Language Classroom edited by Kathleen M. Bailey and DavidNunan cambridge University University Press978-0-521-80365-6 - Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching , Second EditionJack C.

4 Richards and Theodore S. RodgersFrontmatterMore information Approaches andMethods inLanguage TeachingSecond EditionJack C. RichardsSoutheast Asian Ministers of Education OrganizationRegional Language Centre, SingaporeandTheodore S. RodgersUniversity of HawaiiManoa cambridge University University Press978-0-521-80365-6 - Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching , Second EditionJack C. Richards and Theodore S. RodgersFrontmatterMore informationCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSC ambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, S o PauloCambridge University Press40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011 4211, on this cambridge University Press 2001 This publication is in copyright.

5 Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place withoutthe written permission of cambridge University published 1986 Second edition 200111th printing 2006 Printed in the United States of AmericaA catalogue record for this book is available from the British of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Richards, Jack and Methods in Language Teaching / Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers. 2nd cm. ( cambridge Language Teaching library)Includes bibliographic references and 0-52180365-9 ISBN 0-521-00843-3 (pbk.)1. Language and languages Study and Teaching .

6 I. Rodgers, Theodore S. (TheodoreStephen). II. Title. III. 2001418 .0071 dc2100 048624 ISBN-13 978-0-521-80365-6 hardbackISBN-10 0-521-80365-9 hardbackISBN-13 978-0-521-00843-3 paperbackISBN-10 0-521-00843-3 paperbackCambridge University Press has no responsibility forthe persistence or accuracy of URLs for external orthird-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publicationand does not guarantee that any content on suchWeb sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. cambridge University University Press978-0-521-80365-6 - Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching , Second EditionJack C. Richards and Theodore S.

7 RodgersFrontmatterMore informationvContentsPrefaceviiPart I Major Language trends in twentieth-century languageteaching11 A brief history of Language teaching32 The nature of Approaches and Methods in Language teaching183 The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching364 The Audiolingual Method50 Part II Alternative Approaches and methods715 Total Physical Response736 The Silent Way817 Community Language Learning908 Suggestopedia1009 Whole Language10810 Multiple Intelligences11511 Neurolinguistic Programming12512 The lexical approach13213 Competency-Based Language Teaching141 Part III Current communicative approaches15114 Communicative Language Teaching153 cambridge University University Press978-0-521-80365-6 - Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching , Second EditionJack C.

8 Richards and Theodore S. RodgersFrontmatterMore informationContentsvi15 The Natural Approach17816 Cooperative Language Learning19217 Content-Based Instruction20418 Task-Based Language Teaching22319 The post- Methods era244 Author index257 Subject index261 cambridge University University Press978-0-521-80365-6 - Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching , Second EditionJack C. Richards and Theodore S. RodgersFrontmatterMore informationviiPrefaceThis is a revised and reorganized version of the first edition, originallypublished in 1986. More than half of the contents of this new edition hasbeen specially written for this edition.

9 Since the first edition was pub-lished, it has become one of the most widely referred to books on teach-ing Methods . Since then, however, a great deal has happened in languageteaching. In planning this new edition, we have therefore made a numberof substantial have divided the book into three main parts:Part I deals with major trends in twentieth-century Language chapters in this section are substantially the same as those in the firstedition but include an updated list of II deals with alternative Approaches and Methods . This sectiondescribes Approaches and Methods that have attracted support atdifferent times and in different places throughout the last 30 or so years,but have generally not been widely accepted or, in some cases, have notmaintained substantial followings.

10 The chapters on Total Physical Re-sponse, the Silent Way, Community Language Learning, and Sug-gestopedia are shorter versions of chapters from the first edition. Addi-tional and more recent references have been added to these these Methods are no longer widely used, a shorter treatmentseemed appropriate. Readers requiring fuller discussion of these methodsshould consult the first edition. New chapters on Whole Language , Mul-tiple Intelligences, Neurolinguistic Programming, the lexical approach,and Competency-Based Language Teaching complete Part II. Althoughthese latter Approaches share some features with communicative ap-proaches in Part III, we feel that they are sufficiently distinct to begrouped with the other Approaches discussed in Part III deals with current communicative Approaches .