ARTICLE 9

1 ARTICLE Requirements and Terms Visual Visual Visual of of a Visual Examination AppendixAppendix IGlossary of Terms for Visual American Society of Mechanical EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical EngineersLicensed by Information Handling Services010101 ARTICLE 9 VISUAL EXAMINATIONT-910 SCOPE(a)This ARTICLE contains methods and requirementsfor visual examination applicable when specified by areferencing Code Section.

2 Specific visual examinationprocedures required for every type of examination arenot included in this ARTICLE , because there are manyapplications where visual examinations are examples of these applications include nonde-structive examinations, leak testing, in-service examina-tions and fabrication procedures.(b)The requirements of ARTICLE 1, General Require-ments, apply when visual examination, in accordancewith ARTICLE 9, is required by a referencing CodeSection.

3 (c)Definitions of terms for visual examination appearin ARTICLE 1, Appendix I Glossary of Terms inNondestructive Examination, and ARTICLE 9, Appendix examination to this ARTICLE , when required bythe referencing Code Sections, shall be performed toa written procedure prepared by the RequirementsThe user of this ARTICLE shall be responsible forassigning qualified personnel to perform visual examina-tions to the requirements of this ARTICLE . At the optionof the manufacturer, he may maintain one certificationfor each product, or several separate signed recordsbased on the area or type of work, or both impractical to use specialized visual examinationpersonnel, knowledgeable and trained personnel, havinglimited qualifications, may be used to perform specificexaminations, and to sign the report forms.

4 Personnelperforming examinations shall be qualified in accord-ance with requirements of the referencing Code T-923 REQUIREMENTS OF A VISUAL EXAMINATIONPROCEDURENon-EssentialEssenti alRequirement (As Applicable)VariableVariableTechnique usedXSurface ConditionsXSurface preparation/cleaningXMethod or Tool(s) required for SurfaceXPreparationDirect or Indirect Viewing methodXSpecial IlluminationXEquipment to be usedXSequence of performing examinationXData to be documentedXReport Forms to be CompletedXPersonnel QualificationsXProcedure Qualification examinations shallbe performed in accordance with a written procedure,which shall, as a minimum, contain the requirementslisted in Table T-923.

5 The written procedure shallestablish a single value or range of values, for Procedure procedurequalification is specified, a change of a requirement inTable T-923 identified as an essential variable fromthe specified value, or range of values, shall requirerequalification of the written procedure. Where a rangeis specified for an essential variable, the boundingvalues of the range shall be qualified by change of a requirement identified as a nonessentialvariable from the specified value, or range of values,does not require requalification of the written changes of essential or nonessential variables fromthe value.

6 Or range of values specified by the written01 COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical EngineersLicensed by Information Handling 9 VISUAL EXAMINATIONT-952procedure shall require revision of, or an addendumto, the written used for visual examination techniques,for example, direct, remote, or transluscent, shall havethe capabilities as specified in the procedure. Capabilitiesinclude, but are not limited to viewing, magnifying,identifying, measuring, and/or recording observationsin accordance with requirements of the referencingCode RequirementsThe procedure shall contain or reference a report ofwhat was used to demonstrate that the examinationprocedure was adequate.

7 In general, a fine line1 32in.( mm) or less in width, an artificial imperfectionor a simulated condition, located on the surface or asimilar surface to that to be examined, may be consid-ered as a method for procedure demonstration. Thecondition or artificial imperfection should be in theleast discernable location on the area surface to beexamined to validate the : is a non-essential variable (See Table T-923). examination shall be performed inaccordance with a written written procedure, when required in ac-cordance with T-150, shall include at least the following:(a)how visual examination is to be performed;(b)type of surface condition and criteria for surfacecleaning;(c)cleaning instructions or reference to cleaningprocedures:(d)method or tool for surface preparation, if any;(e)whether direct or remote viewing is used.

8 (f)special illumination, instruments, or equipmentto be used, if any;(g)sequence of performing examination, when appli-cable;(h)data to be tabulated, if any;(i)report forms or general statement to be some instances it is preferable to relatethe procedure to a specific component or surface suchas the internal examination of a weld many feet fromthe open end of a tube or tubes of several sizes, but165procedures may be in a general form applicable withoutadaptation to a variety of unlisted products or situations.

9 Thereby reducing the number of written procedure shall contain or reference areport of what was used to demonstrate that the examina-tion procedure was adequate. In general, a fine line1 32in. ( mm) or less in width, or some otherartificial flaw located on the surface or a similar surfaceto that to be examined, may be considered a testmethod for this demonstration. The line or artificialflaw should be in the least discernible location on thearea examined, to prove the one equipment manufacturer sequipment for another, or changes in the details of testarrangement, will not require RequirementsPersonnel shall have an annual vision test to assurenatural or corrected near distance acuity such that theyare capable of reading standard J-1 letters on standardJaeger test type charts for near vision.

10 Equivalent nearvision tests are examination is generally used to determinesuch things as the surface condition of the part, align-ment of mating surfaces, shape, or evidence of addition, visual examination is used to determine acomposite material s (translucent laminate) Visual ExaminationDirect visual examination may usually be made whenaccess is sufficient to place the eye within 24 in. (610mm) of the surface to be examined and at an anglenot less than 30 deg.