Assessment Tools for Palliative Care

1 Technical Brief Number 30. Assessment Tools for Palliative Care e Technical Brief Number 30. Assessment Tools for Palliative Care Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare research and Quality Department of Health and Human Services 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857. Contract No. 290-2015-00006-I. Prepared by: Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center Baltimore, MD. Investigators: Rebecca Aslakson, , Sydney M. Dy, , Renee F. Wilson, Julie M. Waldfogel, Allen Zhang, Sarina R. Isenberg, Alex Blair, Joshua Sixon, Karen A. Robinson, AHRQ Publication No. No. 17-EHC007-EF. May 2017. This report is based on research conducted by the Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) under contract to the Agency for Healthcare research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD (Contract No. 290-2015-00006-I). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its contents; the findings and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ.

2 Therefore, no statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the Department of Health and Human Services. None of the investigators have any affiliations or financial involvement that conflicts with the material presented in this report. The information in this report is intended to help health care decisionmakers patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among others make well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of health care services. This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. Anyone who makes decisions concerning the provision of clinical care should consider this report in the same way as any medical reference and in conjunction with all other pertinent information, , in the context of available resources and circumstances presented by individual patients. This report is made available to the public under the terms of a licensing agreement between the author and the Agency for Healthcare research and Quality.

3 This report may be used and reprinted without permission except those copyrighted materials that are clearly noted in the report. Further reproduction of those copyrighted materials is prohibited without the express permission of copyright holders. AHRQ or Department of Health and Human Services endorsement of any derivative products that may be developed from this report, such as clinical practice guidelines, other quality enhancement Tools , or reimbursement or coverage policies, may not be stated or implied. Persons using assistive technology may not be able to fully access information in this report. For assistance, contact Suggested citation: Aslakson R, Dy SM, Wilson RF, Waldfogel JM, Zhang A, Isenberg SR, Blair A, Sixon J, Robinson KA. Assessment Tools for Palliative Care. Technical Brief No. 30. (Prepared by Johns Hopkins University under Contract No. 290-2015-00006-I.) AHRQ.

4 Publication No. 14-17-EHC007-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare research and Quality; May 2017. doi: ii Preface The Agency for Healthcare research and Quality (AHRQ), through its Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs), sponsors the development of evidence reports and technology assessments to assist public- and private-sector organizations in their efforts to improve the quality of health care in the United States. The reports and assessments provide organizations with comprehensive, science-based information on common, costly medical conditions and new health care technologies and strategies. The EPCs systematically review the relevant scientific literature on topics assigned to them by AHRQ and conduct additional analyses, when appropriate, prior to developing their reports and assessments. This EPC evidence report is a Technical Brief. A Technical Brief is a rapid report, typically on an emerging medical technology, strategy, or intervention.

5 It provides an overview of key issues related to the intervention for example, current indications, relevant patient populations and subgroups of interest, outcomes measured, and contextual factors that may affect decisions regarding the intervention. Although Technical Briefs generally focus on interventions for which there are limited published data and too few completed protocol-driven studies to support definitive conclusions, the decision to request a Technical Brief is not solely based on the availability of clinical studies. The goals of the Technical Brief are to provide an early objective description of the state of the science, a potential framework for assessing the applications and implications of the intervention, a summary of ongoing research , and information on future research needs. In particular, through the Technical Brief, AHRQ hopes to gain insight on the appropriate conceptual framework and critical issues that will inform future research .

6 AHRQ expects that the EPC evidence reports and technology assessments will inform individual health plans, providers, and purchasers, as well as the health care system as a whole, by providing important information to help improve health care quality. If you have comments on this Technical Brief, they may be sent by mail to the Task Order Officer named below at: Agency for Healthcare research and Quality, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, or by email to Sharon B. Arnold, Stephanie Chang , Acting Director Director Agency for Healthcare research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program Center for Evidence and Practice Arlene S. Bierman , Improvement Director Agency for Healthcare research and Quality Center for Evidence and Practice Improvement David W. Niebuhr, , , Agency for Healthcare research and Quality Task Order Officer Center for Evidence and Practice Improvement Agency for Healthcare research and Quality iii Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for their contributions to this project: Dio Kavalieratos, , and Dara Ikejiani for their assistance with the section about evaluation of interventions; Jennifer Wolff, , and Karl Lorenz, , , for their input on specific results sections; and Jeanette Edelstein, , for her copy editing service.

7 Key Informants In designing the study questions, we consulted a panel of Key Informants that represented subject experts and end-users of research . Key Informant input can inform key issues related to the topic of the technical brief. Key Informants are not involved in the analysis of the evidence nor the writing of the report. Therefore, in the end, study questions, design, methodological approaches, and/or conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of individual Key Informants. Key Informants must disclose any financial conflicts of interest greater than $10,000 and any other relevant business or professional conflicts of interest. Because of their role as end-users, individuals with potential conflicts may be retained. We worked with the Task Order Officer to balance, manage, or mitigate any conflicts of interest. The list of Key Informants who provided input to this report follows: Karen A.

8 Armacost, , * UW Medicine Caregiver Advocate Seattle, WA. Baltimore, MD. Steven Z. Pantilat, *. Marie Bakitas, , * University of California, San Francisco University of Alabama at Birmingham San Francisco, CA. School of Nursing & Department of Medicine Holly G. Prigerson, *. Birmingham, AL Cornell University Weill Cornell Medical College Dena Battle New York, NY. Caregiver Advocate Alexandria, VA Joan Teno, , *. University of Washington Eduardo Bruera, * Seattle, WA. The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center Joanne Wolfe, , *. Houston, TX Dana Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA. J. Randall Curtis, , *. University of Washington *This Key Informant also provided review of the draft report iv Peer Reviewers Prior to publication of the final evidence report, we sought input from independent Peer Reviewers without financial conflicts of interest. However, the conclusions and synthesis of the scientific literature presented in this report do not necessarily represent the views of individual reviewers.

9 Peer Reviewers must disclose any financial conflicts of interest greater than $10,000 and any other relevant business or professional conflicts of interest. Because of their unique clinical or content expertise, individuals with potential nonfinancial conflicts may be retained. We worked with the Task Order Officer to balance, manage, or mitigate any potential nonfinancial conflicts of interest identified. The list of Peer Reviewers follows: Betty Ferrell, , , FAAN, FPCN. City of Hope Duarte, CA. Jean Kutner, , University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO. Jeri L. Miller, NIH, National Institute of Nursing research Bethesda, MD. Jennifer Temel, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA. Deborah Waldrop, , University of Buffalo Buffalo, NY. v Assessment Tools for Palliative Care Structured Abstract Objectives. To (1) provide an overview of Palliative care Assessment Tools designed to be completed by or with patients or caregivers, including which Tools have been applied to clinical care, as quality indicators, or in evaluations of interventions, and (2) identify needs for future Palliative care Assessment tool development and evaluation.

10 Methods. First, we engaged Key Informants representing both patient/caregiver and provider/researcher perspectives to help guide the project. We then sought systematic reviews of Palliative care Assessment Tools and applications of Tools through searches of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO and PsycTESTS from January 1, 2007 to August 29, 2016. We conducted supplemental searches of information on Palliative care Tools , including comprehensive reviews published prior to our date limitation, Web sites, and a targeted search for primary articles to identify Tools where no recent high-quality systematic review was identified. We organized Tools by the eight domains (subdomains) from the National Consensus Project Clinical Practice Guidelines for Palliative Care: structure and process, physical, psychological and psychiatric, social (caregiver), spiritual and religious, cultural, care at the end of life (bereavement), ethical and legal; as well as a ninth domain for multidimensional Tools (quality of life and patient experience).