BALANCING PRIORITIES: LESSONS FROM IRAQ, JORDAN AND ...

1 BALANCING PRIORITIES: LESSONS FROM IRAQ, JORDAN AND PALESTINE FOR NAP-1325 DRAFTINGTEAMSAn Analysis of the Text of the iraq , JORDAN and Palestine National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Security. GUIDANCE NOTEA bout this studyThis guidance note was commissioned by the UN Women Regional Office for Arab States, and is part of a series of reports on issues of peace and security in the Middle East and North the authorsThis report was written by Dr Aisling Swaine. Editor: Rachel Dore-Weeks (Advisor, Peace, Security and Humanitarian Action, UN Women Regional Office for Arab States)Design: Mohamed GaberThis report was generously funded by the Government of Finland. Suggested Citation:Swaine, A, (2018), BALANCING Priorities: LESSONS and Good Practices from iraq , JORDAN and Palestine for NAP-1325 Drafting Teams; UN views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of UN Women, the United Nations or any of its affiliated organiza-tions.

2 @UN Women, 2018. All rights NOTEBALANCING PRIORITIES: LESSONS FROM IRAQ, JORDAN AND PALESTINEFOR NAP-1325 DRAFTINGTEAMSAn Analysis of the Text of the iraq , JORDAN and Palestine National Action Plans on Women, Peace and Women Regional Office for the Arab States, CairoJune 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSS pecial thanks to Hanny Cueva Beteta and Lesli Davis who developed the quantitative analysis that is presented in this report. Thanks also to Rachel Dore-Weeks for her careful review and editing. This report was generously funded by the Government of PRIORITIES: LESSONS FROM IRAQ, JORDAN AND PALESTINE FORNAP-1325 DRAFTING TEAMS6 TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 71. INTRODUCTION 112. WOMEN PEACE AND SECURITY IN iraq , JORDAN AND PALESTINE 123. NATIONAL ACTION PLANS: iraq , JORDAN AND PALESTINE 184.

3 GENDER PLANNING FOR PEACE AND SECURITY Gender Needs Analysis Tool GENDER PLANNING-BASED REVIEW OF ARAB STATES REGION NAPS-WPS Application of Gender Needs Analysis for Peace and Security Framework to Arab States NAPs-WPS Inclusivity Analysis of the Arab States Regional NAPs-WPS 255. FINDINGS OF THE REVIEW OF iraq , JORDAN AND PALESTINE NAPS-WPS Specific Findings Relating to Each NAP-WPS and Across the Action Plans Discussion of Findings 28 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 32 Recommendations 32 BALANCING PRIORITIES: LESSONS FROM IRAQ, JORDAN AND PALESTINE FORNAP-1325 DRAFTING TEAMS7 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSCEDAW Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women ISIL Islamic State in iraq and the LevantLAS League of Arab States NAP-WPS National Action Plans on WPSUNSCR 1325 UN Security Council Resolution 1325 WPS Women, Peace and Security BALANCING PRIORITIES.

4 LESSONS FROM IRAQ, JORDAN AND PALESTINE FORNAP-1325 DRAFTING TEAMS8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Three National Action Plans on WPS (NAPs-WPS), in addition to an emergency NAP-WPS in Iraq1, have recently been adopted in the Arab States region: iraq (2014-2018), the Hashemite Kingdom of JORDAN (2018-2021), and Palestine (2017-2019),2 while the League of Arab States (LAS) has also adopted a Regional Strategy 3 on WPS. Further developments within the region are expected: iraq is in the process of evaluat-ing its 2014-2018 NAP-WPS, and beginning the process of developing its NAP-WPS II; the Governments of Lebanon and Tunisia are in the process of finalising action plans; while there are calls from women s rights and human rights actors in additional other countries across the region for the further adoption of NAPs-WPS.

5 The specific processes of development and implementation of these NAPs-WPS have varied. The JORDAN NAP-WPS process is noteworthy for its degree of consultation; it was passed after two years of dialogues in all governorates of the Kingdom. The Palestine NAP-WPS is unique in its efforts to address the impact of occupation, while the iraq NAP is hailed both as the first in the region, and for the cross-sector governance mechanisms set up to support and moni-tor its implementation. 1 In early 2014, iraq became the first country in the region to launch a 1325 NAP. Less than a year later, ISIL (the Islamic State of iraq and the Levant) surged out of eastern Syria to seize Mosul and other key cities and towns in iraq . In May 2015 an Emergency NAP to implement 1325 was passed by the government.

6 The Emergency NAP focuses primarily on including women in all peacebuilding efforts and providing legal, psychological, and health support for affected women and girls. It consists of three pillars prevention, participa-tion, and protection and it focused on the conflict with ISIS. 2 Federal Government of iraq and Kurdistan Regional Government. iraq National Action Plan For Implementation Of The United Nation Security Council Resolution 1325 Women, Peace aAnd Security 2014 2018. 2014; The National Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325: Women, Peace and Security, Palestine 2017-2019. State of Palestine Ministry of Women s Affairs. 2017; JORDAN National Action Plan 1325, JORDAN National Commission for Women, 2018. [Rachel I am guessing at the cite here for JORDAN as the copy I have does not have any other publication markers, fix if you think necessary].

7 Ok by the time we brand it should be out and I ll include the citation3 League of Arab States, Regional Strategy: Protection of Arab Women: Peace and Security, General Secretariat of the League of Arab States, Arab Women Organization, UN Women, support the ongoing development of actionable and effective NAPs-WPS in the region, it is important to analyse and draw LESSONS from the three first-generation action plans to inform those that are coming after them. This paper presents the findings of a review of the text of the three existing action plans of iraq , JORDAN and Palestine. The review analyses the NAP-WPS planning documents in order to document areas of good practice that can then inform the future development and adoption of NAP-WPS in the Arab States region. The review is limited to an analysis the text of the documents, and does not include an analysis of their development, financing, monitor-ing frameworks or implementation as a guidance tool specifically on NAP-WPS drafting for NAP-WPS drafters.

8 BACKGROUNDThe Arab States have seen peace and security issues at the forefront of the regional agenda since the advent of the so-called Arab Spring . To this end, political and humanitarian crises have become intertwined, with political crisis driving humanitarian crisis and in some contexts, issues of climate change fuelling con-flict. To resolve these conflicts, political talks remain ongoing in Yemen, Libya, Syria, iraq , and Palestine and large-scale humanitarian responses operate within and around these countries to address the immediate needs created by political crisis. iraq and Palestine are countries that are witnessing active conflict within their borders. This is not the case in JORDAN , where any internal peace and security challenges relate primarily to social tensions between refugee and host community populations and to the refugee population that it is hostingthreats by violent extremists.

9 Each country is experiencing the impacts of regional insecurities, whether internally or exter-nally located, in ways very specific to each context and responses will be tailored accordingly. The Women, Peace and Security agenda, founded by UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) in 2000 BALANCING PRIORITIES: LESSONS FROM IRAQ, JORDAN AND PALESTINE FORNAP-1325 DRAFTING TEAMS9and followed by seven additional resolutions,4 outlines UN, state and partner obligations for ensuring that the needs and priorities of women and girls impacted by conflict are addressed, and that peace is brokered in an inclusive and sustainable manner. Specific WPS issues arise for women and girls in the Arab States region. The LAS Regional Strategy on WPS highlights that women in the region encounter: gendered violence, including sexual violence perpetrated by armed actors in conflicts taking place in the region; lack of access to basic services such as education and health; arbitrary detention and experiences of physical and psychological harm while in detention; refugee status that contributes to vulnerabil-ity to harm, lack of basic service provision and insecure status in asylum REVIEW OF NAPS-WPS: iraq , JORDAN AND PALESTINEThe three iraq , JORDAN and Palestine NAPs-WPS as-sessed in this analysis vary in terms of their content and scope, while setting out a clear aims and priori-ties for implementing key aspects of the WPS agenda within their jurisdictions.

10 A Gender Planning for Peace and Security framework, which focusesd on assess-ing whether and how these planning documents responds to women and girls gendered needs and rights was used to review the plans, focusing on the text of the documents (rather then their design devel-opment processes or their implementation status). It The analysis analytically assessed the following: What are Arab States region NAPs-WPS specifi-cally planning for? What are good practices in how women and girls rights and needs are framed in these action planning documents? How are the three NAPs-WPS responding to the different demographics of women residing in each country and their different needs and rights?A textual analysis of the NAPs-WPS narratives and action matrices was undertaken. First the actions were assessed 4 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) S/RES1325/2000; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1820 (2008) S/RES1820/2008; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1888 (2009) S/RES1888/2009; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1889 (2009) S/RES1889/2009; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1960 (2010) S/RES1960/2010; United Nations Security Council Resolution 2106 (2013) S/RES2106/2009; United Nations Security Council Resolution 2122 (2013) S/RES2122/2013; United Nations Security Council Resolution 2242 (2015) S/RES2242 League of Arab States, Regional to whether they meet the practical needs (every-day basic needs) of women and girls.