BIOLOGY - CISCE

1 BIOLOGY (863). Aims: 1. To enable candidates to acquire the knowledge and to develop an understanding of biological terms, concepts, facts, principles, formulae, etc. 2. To develop the ability to apply the knowledge of BIOLOGY in unfamiliar situations. 3. To develop experimental skills required in BIOLOGY practical work. 4. To create awareness about the problems of the environment and the manner in which these problems can be overcome. 5. To develop the ability to appreciate biological phenomena in nature and the contribution of BIOLOGY to human welfare.

2 6. To develop interest in plants and animals and in their respective environments. 7. To develop scientific attitude towards biological phenomena. 8. To create awareness of the fundamentals of human BIOLOGY , food, health, nutrition and population control. CLASS XI. Paper II: Practical: 3 hours .. 15 marks There will be two papers in the subject: Project Work 10 marks Paper I: Theory: 3 hours ..70 marks Practical File 5 marks PAPER 1- THEORY: 70 Marks There will be no overall choice in the paper. Candidates will be required to answer all questions.

3 Internal choice will be available in two questions of 2 marks each, two questions of 3 marks each and all the three questions of 5 marks each. UNIT TOTAL WEIGHTAGE. 1. Diversity of Living Organisms 09 Marks 2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants 11 Marks 3. Cell: Structure and Function 15 Marks 4. Plant Physiology 17 Marks 5. Human Physiology 18 Marks TOTAL 70 Marks 220. PAPER I THEORY 70 Marks A brief idea of the role of different types of archaebacteria (methanogens, Note: All structures (internal and external) are halophiles and thermoacidophiles in required to be taught along with diagrams.)

4 Their extreme environments). 1. Diversity of Living Organisms Mycoplasma three distinctive features. (i) The Living World Economic importance with reference to role of bacteria in sewage treatment, What is living? Need for classification; antibiotics, energy production and house three domains of life; taxonomy and hold products (curd and cheese only). systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial (c) Kingdom Protista only two general nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy- characteristics and two examples museums, zoological parks, herbaria, of subgroups: (i) Chrysophytes botanical gardens, key.

5 (ii) Dinoflagellates, (iii) Euglenoids, (iv) Slime moulds, (v) Protozoans (to be Characteristics of living organisms. Need for studied under rhizopods, flagellates, classification should be discussed. Three ciliates and sporozoans with two domains of life distinguishing features of characteristics including modes of (archaea, bacteria, eukarya). Definition and locomotion and two examples of each). explanation of the terms taxonomy (numerical taxonomy, cytotaxonomy and (d) Kingdom Fungi: general characteristics chemotaxonomy) and systematics.

6 Concept of and mode of reproduction of each species. Major taxonomical hierarchies (including types of spores and sexual (phylum, class, order, family, genus, reproduction definition of isogamy, species): definition and examples with anisogamy, oogamy, plasmogamy, reference to classification of man, house fly, karyogamy and dikaryophase). mango and wheat. Rules of binomial Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, nomenclature and advantages of using Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes - scientific names. Aids for study of taxonomy characteristics with examples.

7 Role of a very brief idea of museum and herbaria, fungi in the field of medicine, bakery and zoological parks and botanical gardens. environmental decomposition. Definition Definition of taxonomical keys. of lichens and mycorrhiza (ecto and endo). Three systems of classification artificial, natural and phylogenetic. Life cycles not required. (ii) Biological Classification (e) Virus (characteristic features link between living and non-living, structure Five kingdom classification; s alient of TMV and bacteriophage and features and classification of Monera, contribution of the following scientists: Protista, Fungi, P l a n t a e and Animalia.)

8 Ivanowsky, Beijerinck, Lichens, Viruses and Viroids. Stanley) and Viroid (definition (a) Five-kingdom system of classification only). and characteristics of different kingdoms (iii) Plant Kingdom with examples. (a) Algae - characteristics (morphology, (b) Kingdom Monera: Bacteria - common name, major pigments, stored classification of bacteria according to food, composition of cell wall, flagellar shape, nutrition and mode of respiration; number and position of insertion, habitat, differences between gram +ve and mode of sexual reproduction) and gram ve bacteria; types of reproduction examples of Chlorophyceae, definition of fission, conjugation, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae.

9 Economic transduction and transformation (details importance of algae any five. not required). 221. (b) Bryophyta general characteristics, 2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants distinctive features of liverworts and (i) Morphology of Flowering Plants mosses; graphic outline of life cycle of (a) Morphology and modifications of root, Funaria with reference to alternation of stem, leaf. generations. Economic importance of bryophytes. Types of roots (tap, fibrous, adventitious), regions, modifications of roots for (c) Pteridophyta: characteristics; storage (Tuberous Mirabilis and classification into classes: psilopsida sweet potato; fusiform radish.)

10 (Psilotum), lycopsida (Selaginella, conical , carrot; napiform Lycopodium), sphenopsida (Equisetum) turnip), respiration (pneumatophores). and pteropsida (Dryopteris, Pteris and and support (stilt and prop). Adiantum). Graphic outline of life cycle Stems features (nodes internodes, of a typical pteridophyte (fern). Definition buds), modifications underground of homospory and heterospory with (tuber, rhizome, corm) aerial (tendril, relevant examples. Economic importance. thorn, Phylloclade, cladode) and sub- (d) Gymnosperms: general characteristics aerial (runner, sucker, stolon, offset).