わが国の災害対策 - bousai.go.jp

1 disaster management IN JAPAN.. CABINET OFFICE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN.. disaster management IN JAPAN. CONTENTS. The Nation and Its Disasters 1. 1 1. A disaster -prone Country 1. 2. 2 2. The General disaster Situation 2. Progress in disaster management 1. 4 1. Progress in disaster management Laws and Systems 4. 2. 7 2. The History of disaster management (Post-World War II) 7. The Legal System and Structure of disaster management 1. 8 1. disaster Countermeasures Basic Act 8. 2. 8 2. The disaster management System 8. 3. 11 3. disaster management Planning 11.

2 disaster management Related Budget 12 disaster management Related Budget 12. The Present Situation of disaster management 1. 13 1. Research and Development 13. 2. 14 2. disaster Preparedness 14. 3. 18 3. disaster Emergency Response 18. 4. 20 4. disaster Recovery and Reconstruction 20. 5. 22 5. Information and Telecommunication System 22. 6. 24 6. Earthquake disaster Countermeasures 24. 7. 30 7. Storm and Flood Countermeasures 30. 8. 32 8. Volcano disaster Countermeasures 32. 9. 34 9. Nuclear disaster Countermeasures 34. 10. 35 10. Other disaster Countermeasures 35.

3 International Cooperation 1. 36 1. Disasters Throughout the World 36. 2. 36 2. Japan's International Cooperation in disaster Relief 36. 3. 37 3. Working on the United Nations International Strategy for disaster Reduction 37. 4. 37 4. Asian disaster Reduction Center 37. 2000 3 Front cover/Photo Above : Eruption, March 2001 ; Asian Air Survey 1995 1 Front cover/Photo Below : Great Hanshn-Awaji Earthquake, January 1995 ; Kyodo News Back cover/Photo : Kobe City . The Nation and Its Disasters . 1 A disaster -prone Country Japan is located in the circum-Pacific mobile zone where seismic and volcanic activities occur constantly.

4 Although the country covers only of the land area on the planet, the number of earthquakes and distribution of active volcanoes is quite high. Also, because of geographical, topographical and meteorological conditions, the country is . subject to frequent disasters such as typhoons, torrential rains and heavy snow. 2000 . World Geographical Distribution of Hypocenters of 2000 and Plates Legend 100km . 2000, Magnitude , Depth 100km . Depth 0 20km 21 40km 41 60km 61 80km 81 100km . Plate Boundaries . Source : Japan Meteorological Agency . Comparison of Natural Disasters in Volcanos of the World Japan and Other Parts of the World.

5 Number of earthquakes with magnitude of or larger 454 Japan World 95 . Others 359 . 1994 1998 . USGS . Note : Total for 1994 to 1998. Prepared by the Cabinet Office based on data from the Japan Meteorological Agency and world data provided by USGS.. Number of active volcanos 829. World Japan 86 . Others 743 . 1 86 . In Japan, there are 86 active volcanos which is equivalent to about 10% of total volcanos on the earth.. Note : Prepared by the Cabinet Office based on data from the Japan Meteorological 14 2001 Source : National Astronomical Agency.

6 Observatory (ed.) Rika : nenpyo (Chronological Sceintific Tables) 2002 , Maruzen Co.,Ltd (2001). 1. 2 The General disaster Situation In Japan there is much damage to lives and property due to 1950 natural disasters every year. Up until the 1950s, there were numerous large typhoons or large-scale earthquakes which 1,000 claimed the lives of more than 1,000 people. However, due to the progress of countermeasures such as promotion of national land conservation projects, improvement in weather . forecasting technologies, completion of disaster information communications systems and preparation of disaster management systems, the number of deaths and missing due to natural disasters shows a declining tendency.

7 The Number of Deaths and Missing in Natural Disasters in Japan persons 7,000. 6,480. 6,062. 6,000 5,868. 5,000 4,897. 1945 1946 52 . 4,000 1953 62 . 3,212. 1963 . 2,926. 3,000 Source : 1945 : Rika nenpyo, 1946 52. 2,120. : Japan Weather disaster Annual 1,950. 2,000 Table, 1953 62 : National Police 1,504 1,515. 1,210. 1,291 Agency, 1963 : Fire and disaster 902. 1,000 975 727 765 management Agency 528 575 578 607 587 524. 449 381 438. 307 367 350 324 301. 259 183 213 273 174 153 208 148 232 199 199 148 190 141. 163 85 69 93 96 123 19 39 84 71 109 78.

8 0. 1945 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 year . The Number of Deaths and Missing by Type of disaster 0 100 200 300 400 500 6,000 7,000 persons 1988. 89. 90. 91. 92 Type 93 . Storm and Flood Damage 94 Earthquake 95 Snowfall 96 . Other 97. 98. 99.. 00. Source : Fire and disaster management Agency year Amount of Damage of Facilities due to Disasters billion yen .. 6,000 .. 5,000 .. 4,000 .. Amount of Damage . Percentage in the GNP . Amount of Damage 3,000 Percentage in the GNP.. 2,000 1 . 2 . Source : 1 Damage to facilities due to disasters 1,000 : Each ministry 2 GNP : Report on revised 0 1963 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 National Accounts 2.

9 6,400 But in 1995 more than 6,400 lives were lost in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, and there is concern that an enormous ocean trench earthquake will occur in the Tokai region. So the menacing threat of major natural disasters still lingers. Major Disasters in Japan Since 1888.. Number of Deaths Number of Deaths Date disaster and Missing Date disaster and Missing 21. 461 41. 25 24,26 317. 1888 Eruption 1966 Typhoon 24,26. 7,273 42. 7 8 256. 1891 Nobi Earthquake 1967 Torrential Rains in Central and Western Parts of Japan etc. 29. 21,959 43.

10 52. 1896 Meiji Sanriku Earthquake Tsunami 1968 Tokachi-oki Earthquake 47. 7. 3 15 6,7,9 7 447. 3. 58 1972 Typhoon 6,7,9 and Torrential Rains 1914 Taisho Sakurajima 49. 5. 9 30. 12. 9. 1 142,807 1974 Izu-hanto-oki Earthquake 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake . 15. 144 1974 Oil Spillage Accident at the Mizushima Oil Factory 1926 Eruption 51. 9. 8 14 17 171. 1976 Typhoon 17 and Torrential Rains in Kagawa etc. 2. 3. 7 2,925 52. 8. 7 3. 1927 Kita-tango Earthquake 1977 Showa Eruption 8. 3. 3 3,064 53. 25. 1933 Showa Sanriku Earthquake Tsunami 1978 Izu-Oshima-Kinkai Earthquake 9.