Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ...

1 This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank (CW/SW) 105196/3 UCLES 2015 [Turn overCambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education*8043492395*BIOLOGY 0610/31 Paper 3 Extended May/June 2015 1 hour 15 minutesCandidates answer on the Question Additional Materials are THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTW rite your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in dark blue or black may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction NOT WRITE IN ANY all calculators may be may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 UCLES 20151 (a) Fig.]

2 Shows five species of Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to E) in the correct box beside the (a) body is completely or partly covered in a shellgo to 2(b) body is not completely covered or partly covered in a shellLimax flavus2 (a) shell is attached to rocks by thin threadsMytilus edulis(b) shell is not attached to rocks by thin threadsgo to 33 (a) shell is a spire that comes to a pointBuccinum undatum(b) shell is not a spire that comes to a pointgo to 44 (a) animal has tentaclesNautilus pompilius(b) animal has 2 tentaclesPlanorbis planorbis[3]30610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015[Turn over (b) State two features that are shown by all.]

3 2 ..[2] [Total: 5]40610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 20152 A student carried out an investigation to find the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant. The apparatus that the student used is shown in Fig. The student was advised to use a light meter positioned at the same distance from the lamp as the pond plant. The student counted the number of bubbles produced by the cut end of the plantmovable lamp0cm15rulerdilute sodiumhydrogencarbonatesolutionstop watchFig. (a) Explain why the student included the following in the apparatus. (i) The beaker of water and the thermometer..[2] (ii) The light meter and the ruler.

4 [2]50610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015[Turn over (b) The results obtained by the student are shown in Fig. dioxide concentration / % ofphotosynthesis/ number ofbubblesper minuteXYFig. (i) Describe the student s results. You will gain credit if you use data from Fig. in your answer..[3] (ii) State the factor that is limiting the rate of photosynthesis in region X of the graph..[1]60610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015 (iii) Suggest and explain the reasons for the shape of the graph in region Y..[4] (c) Counting bubbles may not be the best way to measure the rate of photosynthesis. The volume of the bubbles is not always exactly the same.]

5 Suggest and explain one alternative way of measuring the gas given off to solve this problem..[3]70610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015[Turn over (d) Fig. shows the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere as determined at Mauna Loa in Hawaii between 1959 and carbondioxide in theatmosphere/ parts permillionmean valuerange ofvaluesFig. (i) Explain why the concentration of carbon dioxide has increased between 1959 and 2013..[2]80610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015 (ii) Global warming is largely due to this increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Explain how increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations contribute to global warming..[4] [Total: 21]90610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015[Turn over3 The menstrual cycle is coordinated by hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and hormones secreted by the ovaries.]]

6 Fig. shows some of the events that occur during the menstrual is secreted by the pituitary glandJoestrogen stimulates repair and growth of the lining of the uterusKone or more follicles start to develop in an ovaryLovulation occursMoestrogen is secreted by follicle cellsNLH is secreted by the pituitary glandOoestrogen inhibits secretion of FSHFig. (a) Put the stages into the correct sequence. Two have been done for [2] (b) (i) Describe what happens at ovulation..[2] (ii) Name the cell produced at fertilisation by the fusion of two gametes..[1]100610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015 (c) If an embryo implants in the uterus, the embryo secretes a hormone known as hCG that stimulates the reproductive organs of the woman to continue to secrete progesterone.

7 Describe what happens after fertilisation until the time that the embryo secretes hCG..[5] (d) State two places where progesterone is produced during ..2 ..[2] (e) (i) Fertility drugs are taken to increase the chance that a woman may become pregnant. Describe and explain how these drugs improve the chances of becoming pregnant..[3]110610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015[Turn over (ii) Outline two social implications of using fertility ..2 ..[2][Total: 17]120610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 20154 A biologist made a slide of some epidermal cells from a scale leaf of an onion bulb. Fig. is a drawing that the biologist made of one of the (a) Table shows the functions of the structures within a plant cell.]

8 Complete the table by: naming the part of the cell that carries out each function using the letters from Fig. to identify the part of the cell from Fig. the turgor pressure of the cellcontrols the activities of the cellsite of the chemical reactions of the cell including synthesis of proteins[3]130610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015[Turn over (b) The biologist added a few drops of concentrated salt solution to the cells on the slide and took a photograph of the cells, as shown in Fig. (i) With reference to Fig. , describe the effect on the plant cells of adding a concentrated salt solution..[3] (ii) Use the term water potential to explain the effect you have described.]

9 [3] [Total: 9]140610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 20155 Mammals have a double circulation system. (a) Explain what is meant by a double circulation system..[1] (b) Table shows some of the main organs in a mammal and the vessels that deliver blood and take it away. Complete the organblood vesseldelivers bloodtakes blood awayheart1 ..2 .. vein1 aorta2 .. arterylungspulmonary hepatic artery2 ..hepatic vein [5]150610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015[Turn over (c) Table shows the blood pressure in the different blood vessels that supply and drain a muscle in the vesselmean blood pressure / kPaaorta13femoral artery12distributing / muscular artery 9arteriole in muscle 6capillary in muscle4 in muscle vein < (i) The table shows that the mean blood pressure decreases from 13 kPa in the aorta to 6 kPa in the arterioles.]

10 Explain why blood pressure must decrease in the arterioles before entering the capillaries..[2] (ii) Explain how blood returns to the heart in the femoral vein against the pull of gravity..[3] 160610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015 (d) Fig. shows a section across part of an With reference to Fig. , explain how the structure of an artery is related to its function..[3] [Total: 14]170610/31/M/J/15 UCLES 2015[Turn over6 Moose, Alces americanus, shown in Fig. , are large herbivores that primarily live in northern parts of North America. They have a varied diet that includes young shoots of willow trees and aquatic plants. Fig. isle royale is a large island in Lake Superior in the United States where there is a population of moose that has been studied by ecologists for a long time.]