Carbon Fiber Properties - EDGE

1 SIGRABONDG raphite SpecialtiesCarbon Fiber -Reinforced CarbonProperties Uses Forms supplied2 Contents SIGRABOND Carbon Fiber -reinforced carbonThe tailor-made composite material for extreme stresses ..Page 3 High-performance products fabricated from SIGRABOND for tomorrow s industries ..Page 4 The most important SIGRABOND materials ..Page 5 Selected materials from a variety of production processes ..Page 6 Production scheme ..Page 7 Properties of SIGRABONDT hermal and mechanical Properties of selected SIGRABOND materials ..Page 8 Chemical Properties ..Page 16 Applications of SIGRABONDF urnace construction.

2 Page 19 Chemical process technology ..Page 20 Glass industry ..Page 21 High-tech applications ..Page 22 Designing with SIGRABONDQ uality assurance ..Page 23 Machining ..Page 23 Design of components ..Page 24 Forms supplied and dimensions ..Page 29310 0116 01200130014001 SIGRABOND is the trade nameused by SGL Carbon for a high-strength composite material con-sisting of a Carbon or graphite matrixwith Carbon Fiber combination of Carbon orgraphite with Carbon fibers unitesthe many and varied favorable material Properties of Fiber com-posites with those of tailor-made composite material for extreme stresses Heat resistance under protectivegas up to temperatures in excess of2000 C High specific strength and rigidity Low density and open porosity Low thermal expansion Extremely high resistance

3 Tothermal shock Electrical conductivity Anisotropy: in materials withaligned Carbon fibers the flexuraland tensile strength and also theelectrical and thermal conductivityhave different values parallel to thefiber from those perpendicular tothe Fiber or layer Excellent resistance to alternatingloads, even at relatively high tem-peratures Pseudoplastic fracture behavior Corrosion resistance andresistance to radiation Production of high-purity gradespossibleCharacteristic properties4 High-performance products fabricated from SIGRABOND for tomorrow s industriesHigh-temperature technologyHollow glassware industryChemical industryHigh-tech applications5 The most important SIGRABOND materialsTable 1* 0 corresponds to the alignment of the warp fibers or the axis of rotation of a winding mandrelMaterialType of fiberStandard fiberFormPreferred use.

4 Typereinforcementalignment*industry or product10 01 GStaple Fiber fabric0 / 90 SheetsFurnace construction15 01 GRoving fabricsA: O / 90 Sheets andHigh-tech uses16 01 GB: O / 45 / 90 complexGlass industry1701 GcomponentsHeating conductors2001 GWound rovings,A: [( 20 )2x ( 90 )1x]nxPipes, axiallyMolds for hot2302 GreinforcedB: [( 45 )2x ( 90 )1x]nxsymmetricalcompression moldingC: [( 75 )2x ( 90 )1x]nxhollow itemsHeating conductorsHight-tech uses3001 GFeltRandom orientationSheets, blocksGlass industry4012 GChopped fibers Random orientationSheetsGlass industry6 Selected materials from a variety of production processesThe individual Properties of SIGRABOND are determined byvarious factors, namely the type offiber, Fiber content, Fiber arrange-ment, matrix materials layer build-up, densification, thermal treatmentand any upgrading.

5 Carbon Fiber -reinforced Carbon (CC) can thus beadapted to each individual profile ofrequirements or desired componentdesign. Only the most importantclasses of raw material and processsteps are shown in the production scheme the green productionstage liquid binders are applied tothe various textile forms of the carb-on fibers. In this operation the fiberis if necessary suitably aligned,the Fiber /binder ratio is determinedand the component is shaped. As itremains soft at this stage, the shapedcomponent is then densified thermal treatment steps involvebaking at around 1000 C andgraphitizing at up to 2700 the baking operation (also knownas carbonizing) the volatile constitu-ents are driven out of the binders,which are initially liquid until remains is a porous carbonmatrix, which holds the carbonfibers together.

6 To reduce porosityand increase both the strength andother Properties , the baked materialis then reimpregnated and bakedagain, in some cases repeatedly. Thegraphitizing process improves someof the composite material s prop-erties such as its electrical conduc-tivity, thermal stability and resistanceto both oxidation and the machining operation theworkpieces are machined to thedesired dimensions. A number ofupgrading measures can also becarried out. In certain cases theseconsiderably improve the utilityvalue. Most SIGRABOND com-ponents are of monolithic components, e. g.

7 Those forhigh-temperature furnaces, are heldtogether by CC screws or jointing techniques can alsobe fibersBasis: PAN, cellulose or pitch;various textile forms such asrovings, chopped fibers, yarns,felts, nonwovens, warp cloths,tapes, woven fabricsResins / pitchesPhenolic and furan resins; pitcheswith different softening points forvarious usesCombined processingof Fiber products and binders, into Prepregs and laminates Impregnated felts Molding compounds Wound componentsShapingDensification and hardeningBakingImpregnation and rebaking GraphitizingMachiningUpgrading Application of anti-oxidation finish Coating with silicon carbide Post-purification to a very low ash contentProduction schemeRaw materials Green productionThermal finishing stagesFinal treatment8 Thermal and mechanical Properties of selected SIGRABOND materialsAs the range of CC material variantsthat can be produced is very exten-sive.

8 The data given in the followingare only those for the most impor-tant applications and are confined to our SIGRABOND standardmaterials. Data relating to specialmechanical characteristics, surfaceproperties or stability are given for afew SIGRABOND grades by wayof most high-temperature applica-tions, use is made of CC materialstreated at 2000 C whose propertiesappear in Table of Properties onthe number of impregnationsThe change in the Properties of themost important SIGRABOND grades as a function of the numberof impregnation and rebaking oper-ations is shown in Figure 1, exem-plified by material grade 1601.

9 Thefinal stage is identical to that forstandard grade 1601 G. As a generalrule the material is found to improvein line with the number of densifi-cation (impregnation and baking)stages. A number of characteristicvalues such as interlaminar shearstrength, flexural and tensilestrength, bulk density, pore volumeand Young s modulus, are given byway of example. This improvementalso extends to many other prop-erties, including electrical and thermalconductivity, compressivestrengthand resistance to alternating increase in the number of densi-fication stages, however, pushes upproduction 1 Overall improvement in Properties with the number of densification stages SIGRABOND 1601densificationGS1xGH2xG3 0 GS1xGH2xG3xFlexural strengthMPa20015 0100 GS1xGH2xG3xFlexural modulus of elasticityGPa807060 GS1xGH2xG3xInterlaminar shear strengthMPa12108 9 Typical values for the Properties of graphitized SIGRABONDM aterial type 1001 G 1501 G 1601 G 1701 G 2001 G1) 2 )3001 G4012 G3)Property*2302 GHeat treatment C2000200020002000200020002000 Bulk density , open %18 2510 1211 15n.

10 D. n. d. n. strength, DMPa110 130240 300150 220140 18030 70 3035 40 Flexural modulus of elasticity, II GPa28 3370 8560 8060 7015 25 1020 25 Tensile strength, II MPa55 65320 400300 350280 compressive compressivestrength Dstrength D20 - 25100 140 Resistivity at 20 C, II m29 3422 2622 2622 30 Coefficient ofpermeabilitycm2/s7 10-25 Interlaminarshear strengthMPa11 1511 15 8 127 105 7 * SIGRABOND with standard laminate build-up or standard wind-up pattern1) Layer build-up 2001 G: 0 C / 45 / 90 ; build-up 2302 G, wound: roving and inner prepreg layer2) Direction-dependent values: 0 ; 90 values not shown3) Trial product in the course of developmentDMeasured perpendicularly to the plane of the laminateIIMeasured parallel to the plane of the laminaten.