Case Study Research and Applications or post, copy, not

1 Case Study Research and ApplicationsSixth EditionCopyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the not copy, post, or Study Research and ApplicationsDesign and MethodsSixth EditionRobert K. YinCOSMOS CorporationSara Miller McCune founded SAGE Publishing in 1965 to support the dissemination of usable knowledge and educate a global community. SAGE publishes more than 1000 journals and over 800 new books each year, spanning a wide range of subject areas. Our growing selection of library products includes archives, data, case studies and video. SAGE remains majority owned by our founder and after her lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures the company s continued Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC | MelbourneCopyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc.

2 This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the not copy, post, or Study Research and ApplicationsDesign and MethodsSixth EditionRobert K. YinCOSMOS CorporationCopyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the not copy, post, or Editor: Leah FargotsteinEditorial Assistant: Content Development Editor: Production Editor: Kelly DeRosaCopy Editor: Gillian DickensTypesetter: C&M Digitals (P) : Indexer: Cover Designer: Anupama KrishnanMarketing Manager: Shari CountrymanFOR INFORMATION:SAGE Publications, Teller RoadThousand Oaks, California 91320E-mail: Publications Oliver s Yard55 City RoadLondon EC1Y 1 SPUnited KingdomSAGE Publications India Pvt. 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial AreaMathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 IndiaSAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte.

3 Church Street#10-04 Samsung HubSingapore 049483 Copyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the in the United States of AmericaLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataThis book is printed on acid-free 18 19 20 21 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the not copy, post, or CONTENTSF oreword xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgments xxviiAbout the Author xxxChapter 1 Getting Started: How to Know Whether and When to Use the Case Study as a Research Method 3 Chapter 2 Designing Case Studies: Identifying Your Case(s) and Establishing the Logic of Your Case Study 25 Application 1: An Exploratory Case Study .

4 How New Organizational Practices Become Routinized 66 Application 2: Defining the Case in a Case Study Linking Job Training and Economic Development Initiatives at the Local Level 71 Application 3: How Discovery Can Occur in the Field: Social Stratification in a Mid-Sized Community 75 Chapter 3 Preparing to Collect Case Study Evidence: What You Need to Do Before Starting to Collect Case Study Data 81 Chapter 4 Collecting Case Study Evidence: The Principles You Should Follow in Working With Six Sources of Evidence 111 Application 4: Doing Interviews in the Field: Citizens on Patrol 139 Application 5: Making Field Observations: First Day in an Urban Neighborhood 145 Application 6: Assembling a Question-and-Answer Database: A Case Study of a Community Organization 150 Copyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the not copy, post, or 5 Analyzing Case Study Evidence: How to Start Your Analysis, Your Analytic Choices, and How They Work 165 Application 7: Using a Case Study to Compare Directly Competing Rival Hypotheses: Whether Military Base Closures Produce Catastrophic Economic Impacts or Not 202 Application 8: A Nutshell Example of an Explanatory Case Study : How a Federal Award Affected a University Computer Department 206 Application 9: An Explanatory Case Study : Transforming a Business Firm Through Strategic Planning 209 Chapter 6 Reporting Case Studies: How and What to Compose 219 Application 10: A Multiple-Case Study Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Data: proposal Processing at 17 Universities 249 Appendix A.

5 A Note on the Uses of Case Study Research in Psychology 258 Appendix B. A Note on the Uses of Case Study Research in Evaluations 269 Application 11: An Evaluation Case Study : Evaluation of a Community Coalition s Campaign 279 Brief Glossary of Terms Related to Case Study Research 286 References 289 Copyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the not copy, post, or CONTENTSF oreword xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgments xxviiAbout the Author xxxChapter 1 Getting Started: How to Know Whether and When to Use the Case Study as a Research Method 3 Being Ready for the Challenge, and Setting High Expectations 3 Comparing Case Studies with Other Social Science Research Methods 5 Relationships Among the Methods.

6 Not Hierarchical 6 When to Use the Different Methods 9 Variations in Case Studies, but a Common Definition 13 Definition of the Case Study as a Research Method 14 Variations in Case Studies as a Research Method 16 Addressing Traditional Concerns about Case Study Research 18 Summary 22 Notes to Chapter 1 23 Chapter 2 Designing Case Studies: Identifying Your Case(s) and Establishing the Logic of Your Case Study 25 General Approach to Designing Case Studies 25 Definition of Research Designs 26 Components of Research Designs 27 The Role of Theory in Research Designs 34 Theory Development 34 Illustrative Topics for Theories 36 Using Theory to Generalize From Case Studies 37 Summary 42 Criteria for Judging the Quality of Research Designs 42 Construct Validity 43 Internal Validity 44 External Validity 45 Copyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc.

7 This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the not copy, post, or 46 Summar y 47 Case Study Research Designs 47 What Are the Potential Single-Case Designs (Types 1 and 2)? 49 What Are the Potential Multiple-Case Study Designs (Types 3 and 4)? 54 Modest Advice in Selecting Case Study Designs 61 Single- or Multiple-Case Designs? 61 Closed or Adaptive Designs? 63 Mixed-Methods Designs: Mixing Case Studies With Other Methods? 63 Notes to Chapter 2 65 Application 1: An Exploratory Case Study : How New Organizational Practices Become Routinized 66 Application 2: Defining the Case in a Case Study : Linking Job Training and Economic Development Initiatives at the Local Level 71 Application 3: How Discovery Can Occur in the Field: Social Stratification in a Mid-Sized Community 75 Chapter 3 Preparing to Collect Case Study Evidence: What You Need to Do Before Starting to Collect Case Study Data 81 The Case Study Researcher.

8 Desired Skills and Values 82 Asking Good Questions 83 Being a Good Listener 84 Staying Adaptive 84 Having a Firm Grasp of the Issues Being Studied 86 Conducting Research Ethically 86 Preparation and Training for a Specific Case Study 88 Protecting Human Subjects 88 Training to Do the Case Study 89 The Case Study Protocol 93 Overview of the Case Study (Section A of the Protocol) 96 Data Collection Procedures (Section B of the Protocol) 98 Protocol Questions (Section C of the Protocol) 99 Tentative Outline for the Case Study Report (Section D of the Protocol) 103 Screening the Candidate Cases for Your Case Study 105 The Pilot Case Study 106 Selection of Pilot Cases 107 Scope of the Pilot Inquiry 107 Reports From the Pilot Cases 108 Summar y 109 Notes to Chapter 3 109 Copyright 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc.

9 This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the not copy, post, or 4 Collecting Case Study Evidence: The Principles You Should Follow in Working With Six Sources of Evidence 111 Supporting Textbooks 111 Supporting Principles 112 Six Sources of Evidence 113 Documentation 113 Archival Records 117 Interviews 118 Direct Observations 121 Participant Observation 123 Physical Artifacts 125 Summar y 125 Four Principles of Data Collection 126 Principle 1: Use Multiple Sources of Evidence 126 Principle 2: Create a Case Study Database 130 Principle 3: Maintain a Chain of Evidence 134 Principle 4.

10 Exercise Care When Using Social Media Sources 136 Summar y 137 Notes to Chapter 4 137 Application 4: Doing Interviews in the Field: Citizens on Patrol 139 Application 5: Making Field Observations: First Day in an Urban Neighborhood 145 Application 6: Assembling a Question-and-Answer Database: A Case Study of a Community Organization 150 Chapter 5 Analyzing Case Study Evidence: How to Start Your Analysis, Your Analytic Choices, and How They Work 165An Analytic Strategy: More Than Relying on Analytic Tools 165 Need for an Analytic Strategy 165 Four General Strategies 168 Five Analytic Techniques 1751. Pattern Matching 1752. Explanation Building 1793.