Cast Iron SoilPipeFit Handbook

1 cast IRONSOIL PIPE AND FITTINGSHANDBOOKR evised and Editedunder the direction of theTECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUPof theCAST iron SOIL PIPE INSTITUTECAST iron SOIL PIPE INSTITUTE5959 Shallowford Road, Suite 419 Chattanooga, Tennessee 37421(423) cast iron SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGSHANDBOOKC opyright 1967, 1972, 1976, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006 by the cast IronSoil Pipe Institute. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. This book orparts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the Printing 2006 LIBRARY OF CONGRESSCATALOG CARD NUMBER 86-071884 PRICE: $ of this edition has been sponsored by the cast iron Soil PipeInstitute to provide a reference Handbook that fully meets the needs of thoserequiring information on the industry s products.

2 It was compiled and edited bythe Technical Advisory Group of the cast iron Soil Pipe Institute, and the con-tent has benefited from the collaborative effort of its members and their expe-rience in the manufacture and application of cast iron soil pipe and publication is subject to periodic revision, and the latest edition may beobtained from the cast iron Soil Pipe ANNIVERSARY 1949-1999 The year is 1949 .. The minimum wage is increased from 40 to 70 cents per hour, the New YorkYankees win the World Series, Billy Joel, Bruce Springsteen, Tom Watson, and Meryl Streep are Ruth dies at age 53, Harvard Law School admits their first women, gold is $35 an ounce and a newhouse is $7,450 .. and the cast iron Soil Pipe Institute is born.

3 A group of 24 manufacturers of cast ironsoil pipe and fittings meet at the Roosevelt Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana. These pioneers identify theneed to standardize product design to aid interchangeability of different manufacturers pipe and fittings,the need for distribution of product information to aid specifiers and designers, and the continuing educa-tion of specifiers, installers, and inspectors of the benefits of using cast iron soil pipe and fittings. Thesegoals have been the focus of the Institute for over 50 years. Roosevelt HotelNew Orleans, LouisianaMarch 21, 1949 Alabama Pipe , AlabamaCharles A. HamiltonAmerican Brass & iron FoundryOakland, CaliforniaArnold BoscacciAnniston Foundry , AlabamaWilliam H. DeyoWilliam T. DeyoAnniston Soil Pipe Co.

4 , , BlakelyAttalla Pipe & Foundry , AlabamaJoseph M. FranklinWilliam B. NealBuffalo Pipe & Foundry , New YorkCameron BairdPhillip J. FahertyCentral Foundry York, New Nolan, SingletonHarry MaasenCharlotte Pipe & Foundry , North CarolinaFrank DowdClay Bailey Mfg. City,MissouriGeorge ClayCombustion Engineering-Superheater, , MosesEastern Foundry , PennsylvaniaGeorge L. HarbergerEarl H. WaltEast Penn Foundry , PennsylvaniaHoward M. SingmasterEmory Pipe & Foundry , ShackelfordHajoca , PennsylvaniaDeems W. King Pipe & Foundry Co., , KingJoseph KingA. QuinnReading Foundry , PennsylvaniaWilliam M. DaviesRich Mfg. Co. of CaliforniaLos Angeles, StruveEd AltRudisill Foundry , AlabamaFrank T. HamiltonDean HelleLindsay BuilderRussell Pipe & Foundry City, WeathersSanitary Co.

5 Of AmericaLinfield, PennsylvaniaHarvey D. RitterWilliam DavisSomerville iron WorksSomerville, New JerseyDavid B. HickeyTyler Pipe & Foundry , TexasMike HarveyWalker Foundry & Machine , VirginiaWilliam HayesWilliamstown Foundry , New JerseyWalter Schaufler50 THYEAR ANNIVERSARY 1949-1999iTABLE OF CONTENTSPageTABLE OF CONTENTS..iINTRODUCTION.. viiiThe cast iron Soil Pipe Institute .. viiiCHAPTER I cast iron SOIL PIPE HISTORY, USESAND PERFORMANCE..1 HISTORY OF cast iron SOIL PIPE .. 1 Early Production and Use in the United States .. 2 Growth and Dispersion of Foundries, 1880-1890 .. 2 Emergence of the cast iron Soil Pipe Industry .. 4 USES OF cast iron SOIL PIPE..5 REQUIREMENTS FOR A SAFE AND DURABLE DRAIN,WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM .. 5 Corrosion Resistance.

6 6 Expansive Soils .. 7 Resistance to Abrasion .. 7 cast iron SOIL PIPE JOINTS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS .. 7 Types of cast iron Soil Pipe and Fittings .. 8 Shielded Hubless Coupling .. 8 The Compression Joint .. 9 The Lead and Oakum Joint .. 9 Soundproofing Qualities of cast iron with Rubber Gasket Joints.. 9 ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF cast iron SOIL PIPE .. 10 Performance .. 10 Versatility .. 10 Low-Cost Installation .. 10 Product Availability .. 10 CHAPTER II THE MANUFACTURE OF cast IRONSOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS.. 11 THE cast iron SOIL PIPE INDUSTRY.. 11 Manufacturers of cast iron Soil Pipe and Fittings .. 11 PRODUCTION OF cast iron SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS.. 11iiPageDISTRIBUTION OF cast iron SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS .. 12 NUMBER OF OPERATING UNITS.

7 12 THE MANUFACTURING OF cast iron SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS .. 12 Types of iron .. 12 The Modern cast iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Foundry .. 12 Raw Materials and Melting Devices .. 13 The Cupola Furnace for Melting iron .. 13 The Start of the Operation of the Cupola .. 15 CASTING OF SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS .. 16 Centrifugal Pipe Casting .. 17 Sand-Lined Molds .. 17 Metal Molds .. 18 Casting Process.. 18 STATIC CASTING OF FITTINGS .. 18 Sand Casting .. 18 Permanent Mold Casting .. 23 Cleaning and Finishing Operations .. 24 NEW TECHNOLOGY AND IMPROVEMENTSIN MANUFACTURING METHODS..29 The Melting Section..29 The Casting Section .. 29 PATTERNS FOR cast iron SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS..29 Materials Handling Equipment .. 30 POLLUTION EQUIPMENT..30 Results of Technological Improvements.

8 31 CHAPTER III TYPICAL cast iron SOIL PIPE LAYOUTS.. 32 STORM DRAINAGE .. 32 Building Sub-drains and Sub-soil Drains.. 32 Roof Drains .. 32 THE USE OF TRAPS.. 36 VENTING AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.. 36 TABLE OF CONTENTSiiiPageCHAPTER IV INSTALLATION OF cast iron SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS.. 44 HANDLING.. 44 METHODS OF CUTTING cast iron SOIL PIPE .. 44 JOINING METHODS FOR cast iron SOIL PIPE .. 45 Compression Gaskets .. 45 Hubless Joints .. 47 Caulked Joints .. 47 UNDERGROUND INSTALLATION PROCEDURES .. 49 ABOVE GROUND INSTALLATION PROCEDURES .. 50 GENERAL INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS .. 50 Vertical Piping .. 50 Horizontal Piping, Suspended .. 50 Horizontal Piping, Underground .. 50 Installation Inside the Building .. 51 Horizontal Installation of Large Diameter Pipe.

9 52 Suggested Installation of Horizontal Fittings.. 52 Vertical Piping .. 55 Seismic Restraints..56 TESTING AND INSPECTION .. 57 Air Test..57 Water Test..58 Smoke Test .. 59 Peppermint Test .. 59 Thrust Forces .. 60 PAINTING cast iron SOIL PIPE .. 60 THE SIZING OF SOIL, WASTE AND VENT LINES .. 60 INSTALLATION OUTSIDE THE BUILDING .. 61 Excavation and Preparation of the Trench .. 61 Line, Grade and Alignment of the House Sewer .. 61 Testing and Inspection of the House or Building Sewer .. 64 Placing the Backfill .. 64 Maintenance of the House Sewer.. 65 PROTECTING cast iron PIPE FROM CORROSIVE SOILS.. 66 Polyethylene Installation Procedures .. 66 Protection of Pipe .. 67 Protection of Fittings .. 68 TABLE OF CONTENTSivPageINFILTRATION AND EXFILTRATION.

10 69 Infiltration .. 69 Exfiltration .. 70 CHAPTER V TRENCHING RECOMMENDATIONS FORCAST iron SOIL PIPE.. 71 BURIAL OF cast iron SOIL PIPE AND FITTINGS .. 73 WHY SELECT cast IRONFOR YOUR UNDERGROUND INSTALLATION? .. 80 CHAPTER VI UNDERGROUND INSTALLATION COMPARISON:FLEXIBLE VS RIGID.. 81 UNDERGROUND SEWERS ARE THEY INSPECTED CORRECTLY?.. 81 TRENCH WIDTH.. 82 TRENCH BOTTOM .. 82 COMPACTION OF BACKFILL .. 83 DEFLECTION..84 DETERMINATION OF EXPECTED LOADSAND CRUSH VALUES..85 CHAPTER VII RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DEEP BURIAL OFCAST iron SOIL PIPE.. 88 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .. 88 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BURIED cast iron SOIL PIPE .. 88 RING DESIGN .. 91 THREE EDGE BEARING FORMULA..91 DESIGN SUMMARY.. 95 PRESSURE CONCENTRATION FACTOR .. 96 VERTICAL SOIL PRESSURE.