CCAA T48 Guide

1 CCAA T48. Guide Guide to Industrial Floors and Pavements . design, construction and specification Guide Guide to Industrial Floors and Pavements . design, construction and specification cement concrete & Aggregates Australia First published March 1997. Second edition May 1999. Third edition October 2009. CCAA T48. cement concrete & Aggregates Australia 2009. Except where the Copyright Act allows otherwise, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from cement concrete & Aggregates Australia. The information provided in this publication is intended for general guidance only and in no way replaces the services of professional consultants on particular projects.

2 No liability can therefore be accepted by cement concrete & Aggregates Australia for its use. DESIGN AND LAYOUT Helen Rix Design ILLUSTRATION TechMedia Publishing Pty Ltd ISBN 978-1-877023-26-2. CCAA OFFICES. SYDNEY OFFICE: Level 6, 504 Pacific Highway St Leonards NSW Australia 2065. POSTAL ADDRESS: Locked Bag 2010. St Leonards NSW 1590. TELEPHONE: (61 2) 9437 9711. FACSIMILE: (61 2) 9437 9470. BRISBANE OFFICE: Suite 2, Level 2, 485 Ipswich road Annerley QLD 4103. cement concrete & Aggregates Australia is a not-for- TELEPHONE: (61 7) 3227 5200. profit organisation established in 1928 and committed FACSIMILE: (61 7) 3892 5655. to serving the Australian construction community.

3 MELBOURNE OFFICE: CCAA is acknowledged nationally and internationally 2nd Floor, 1 Hobson Street as Australia's foremost cement and concrete South Yarra VIC 3141. TELEPHONE: (61 3) 9825 0200. information body taking a leading role in education FACSIMILE: (61 3) 9825 0222. and training, research and development, technical information and advisory services, and being a PERTH OFFICE: 45 Ventnor Avenue significant contributor to the preparation of Codes and West Perth WA 6005. Standards affecting building and building materials. TELEPHONE: (61 8) 9389 4452. CCAA's principal aims are to protect and extend FACSIMILE: (61 8) 9389 4451.

4 The uses of cement , concrete and aggregates by ADELAIDE OFFICE: advancing knowledge, skill and professionalism in PO Box 229. Australian concrete construction and by promoting Fullarton SA 5063. TELEPHONE: (61 8) 8274 3758. continual awareness of products, their energy-efficient properties and their uses, and of the contribution the PREMIXED concrete AND. EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES OFFICE. industry makes towards a better environment. PO Box 243. cement concrete & Aggregates Australia Henley Beach SA 5022. ABN 34 000 020 486 TELEPHONE: (61 8) 8243 2505. FACSIMILE: (61 8) 8125 5822. TASMANIAN OFFICE: PO Box 246. Sheffield TAS 7306. TELEPHONE: (61 3) 6491 1509.

5 FACSIMILE: (61 3) 6491 2529. WEBSITE: EMAIL: ii Guide to Industrial Floors and Pavements Note that in the Guide : Preface n a single numeric sequence is used for references;. n figures, tables and charts are numbered in separate sequences in each Chapter and Appendix, with the number prefixed by the Chapter/Appendix number;. n sections are also numbered in separate sequences The importance of high-quality industrial floors in each Chapter but (to limit their length) the and pavements cannot be over-emphasised, both numbers are not prefixed by the Chapter number. internally and externally. The uninterrupted use of any Since section numbers are duplicated, cross industrial facility is dependent on the performance of references in one Chapter to material in another are the pavement .

6 The surface should not dust or abrade identified by in Chapter X after the citation. under the action of forklifts or trolleys; joints movement and condition should not restrict traffic flow. While this Guide has been produced to give building owners and designers guidance on the design, construction and specification of industrial floors, it may also be used for external pavements subject to similar loadings. External pavements that are subject to vehicle loadings, such as semi-trailers should satisfy the requirements of Austroads design guidelines. As with the earlier editions, it replaces: concrete Industrial Floor and pavement Design (T34) published in 1985.

7 Industrial Floors and Pavements Construction (TN54) published in 1985. Industrial Floors and Pavements Guide Specification (TN55) published in 1985. This third edition takes account of changes to relevant Australian Standards since the second edition was published in 1999. In addition: n Relevant charts have been extended to cover 5- and 8-tonne axle loads. n Combined wheel and post loads have been included. n concrete strengths up to 100 MPa are covered. n Information on joints has been extended to cover armouring of joints and shear transfer at joints. n An appendix on the design of dowels has been added. n More worked examples are included.

8 N To assist designers in the calculation of the required base thickness and allow sensitivity checks of variables more rapidly, a spread sheet has been developed and can be downloaded from CCAA. website The thickness design charts and the description of their use were prepared by Coffey Geotechnics. Guide to Industrial Floors and Pavements 1. Contents Introduction A more-detailed contents list is provided at SCOPE This Guide covers the design, construction the beginning of each Chapter. and specification of concrete industrial floors and pavements. It has been prepared to assist engineers, architects, specifiers and building contractors by INTRODUCTION 2.

9 Providing an outline of the process of design and Chapter 1 DESIGN 4 construction, and the major factors in meeting design performance. Chapter 2 CONSTRUCTION 43. The content has been sequenced to encourage the Chapter 3 Guide SPECIFICATION 64 designer to consider serviceability requirements before base thickness is established. It is the CCAA's APPENDICES experience that the common distress modes of A Glossary of Terms 86 industrial pavements are related to joints, joint layout and the selection of appropriate concrete properties B Background and Development of Rigorous that avoid surface deterioration. The Guide 's goal is Thickness Design Procedure 88.

10 To provide information on cost-effective techniques C Design of Dowelled Joints 97. for the design and construction of concrete industrial D Design Example Using Rigorous Design and commercial pavements to achieve the required Method 99 performance. E Effect of Chemicals on concrete Pavements Two methods of pavement thickness design (simplified and Type of Barrier Systems 105 and rigorous) are provided to assist designers with F Determination of Amount of Shrinkage projects of various sizes and functions. Reinforcement 106. For the purpose of this Guide , both internal floors and G Distress of Industrial Pavements 108 external pavements are referred to as pavements.