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1 cisco Press800 East 96th StreetIndianapolis, IN 46240 ccie Routing and switching Official Cert Guide, Volume 1 Fifth Edition Narbik Kocharians, ccie No. 12410 Peter Pal ch, ccie No. 23527 ccie Routing and switching Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Fifth Edition Narbik Kocharians, ccie No. 12410 Peter Pal ch, ccie No. 23527 Copyright 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Published by: cisco Press800 East 96th StreetIndianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America Second Printing February 2015 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014944345 ISBN-13: 978-1-58714-396-0 ISBN-10: 1-58714-396-8 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about cisco ccie Routing and switching Written Exam, No.

2 400-101. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an as is basis. The authors, cisco Press, and cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accom-pany it. The opinions expressed in this book belong to the authors and are not necessarily those of cisco Systems, Inc. Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropri-ately capitalized. cisco Press or cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Special Sales For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at or (800) 382-3419.

3 For government sales inquiries, please contact . For questions about sales outside the , please contact . Feedback Information At cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book is crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community. Readers feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through email at . Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message. We greatly appreciate your assistance. Publisher: Paul Boger Associate Publisher: Dave Dusthimer Business Operation Manager, cisco Press: Jan Cornelssen Executive Editor: Brett Bartow Managing Editor: Sandra Schroeder Senior Development Editor: Christopher Cleveland Senior Project Editor: Tonya Simpson Copy Editor: John Edwards Technical Editors: Paul Negron, Sean Wilkins Editorial Assistant: Vanessa Evans Cover Designer: Mark Shirar Composition : Tricia Bronkella Indexer: Tim Wright Proofreader: Chuck Hutchinson iv ccie Routing and switching Official Cert Guide, Volume 1 About the Authors Narbik Kocharians , ccie No.

4 12410 ( Routing and switching , Security, SP), is a Triple ccie with more than 32 years of experience in the IT industry. He has designed, implemented, and supported numerous enterprise networks. Narbik is the president of Micronics Training Inc. ( ), where he teaches ccie R&S and SP boot camps. Peter Pal ch , ccie No. 23527 ( Routing and switching ), is an assistant professor, cisco Networking Academy instructor, and instructor trainer at the Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Slovakia. Peter has cooperated in various educational activities in Slovakia and abroad, focusing on networking and Linux-based network server systems. He is also active at the cisco Support Community, holding the cisco Designated VIP award in LAN & WAN Routing and switching areas since the award program inception in 2011. Upon invitation by cisco in 2012, Peter joined two Job Task Analysis groups that assisted defining the upcoming ccie R&S and CCNP R&S cer-tification exam topics.

5 Peter holds an degree in Applied Informatics and a doctoral degree in the area of VoIP quality degradation factors. Together with his students, Peter has started the project of implementing the EIGRP Routing protocol into the Quagga open-source Routing software suite, and has been driving the effort since its inception in 2013. v About the Technical Reviewers Paul Negron , ccie No. 14856, CCSI No. 22752, has been affiliated with networking technologies for 17 years and has been involved with the design of core network ser-vices for a number of service providers, such as Comcast, Qwest, British Telecom, and Savvis to name a few. He currently instructs all the CCNP Service Provider level courses, including Advanced BGP, MPLS, and the QoS course. Paul has six years of experience with satellite communications as well as ten years of experience with cisco platforms. Sean Wilkins is an accomplished networking consultant for SR-W Consulting ( ) and has been in the field of IT since the mid 1990s, working with companies such as cisco , Lucent, Verizon, and AT&T as well as several other private companies.

6 Sean currently holds certifications with cisco (CCNP/CCDP), Microsoft (MCSE), and CompTIA (A+ and Network+). He also has a Master of Science in informa-tion technology with a focus in network architecture and design, a Master of Science in organizational management, a Master s Certificate in network security, a Bachelor of Science in computer networking, and Associates of Applied Science in computer infor-mation systems. In addition to working as a consultant, Sean spends most of his time as a technical writer and editor for various companies; check out this work at his author web-site: . vi ccie Routing and switching Official Cert Guide, Volume 1 Dedications From Narbik Kocharians: I would like to dedicate this book to my wife, Janet, for her love, encouragement, and continuous support, and to my dad for his words of wisdom. From Peter Pal ch: To my family, students, colleagues, and friends. vii Acknowledgments From Narbik Kocharians: First, I would like to thank God for giving me the opportunity and ability to write, teach, and do what I truly enjoy doing.

7 Also, I would like to thank my family, especially my wife of 29 years, Janet, for her constant encouragement and help. She does such an amaz-ing job of interacting with students and handling all the logistics of organizing classes as I focus on teaching. I also would like to thank my children, Chris, Patrick, Alexandra, and my little one, Daniel, for their patience. A special thanks goes to Mr. Brett Bartow for his patience and our constant changing of the deadlines. It goes without saying that the technical editors and reviewers did a phenomenal job; thank you very much. Finally, I would like to thank all my students who inspire me every day, and you, for reading this book. From Peter Pal ch: The opportunity to cooperate on the new edition of this book has been an honor and privilege beyond words for me. Wendell Odom, who has so gracefully and generously passed the torch to us, was the key person in introducing me to the cisco Press repre-sentatives as a possible author, and I will be forever indebted to him for all the trust he has blessed us with.

8 I have strived very much to live up to the unparalelled high level of content all previous authors have maintained throughout all editions of this book, and I would like to sincerely thank all of them for authoring such a great book that has signifi-cantly helped me achieve my certification in the first place. My next immense thank you goes to Brett Bartow, the executive editor for this book. Brett s inviting and forthcoming attitude throughout the time of editing the book, com-pounded with his patience and understanding for my ever-moving (and constantly missed) deadlines, is second to none. He has done all in his power to help us, the authors, without compromising the quality of the work. I would not have been able to complete my work on this volume without the endless sup-port of my family. They have encouraged me, supported me, and gone out of their way to accommodate my needs. Words are not enough to express my gratitude. Psalm 127, whose musical setting in works of Monteverdi, Handel, or Vivaldi I have come to admire, begins with words Unless the Lord build the house, they labor in vain who build.

9 Indeed, if it was not first and foremost the Lord s blessing and help through-out, this work would not have been finished successfully. To my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ thank you! viii ccie Routing and switching Official Cert Guide, Volume 1 Contents at a Glance Introduction xxiv Part I LAN switching Chapter 1 Ethernet Basics 3 Chapter 2 Virtual LANs and VLAN Trunking 47 Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol 103 Part II IP Networking Chapter 4 IP Addressing 183 Chapter 5 IP Services 227 Part III IP IGP Routing Chapter 6 IP Forwarding ( Routing ) 267 Chapter 7 RIPv2 and RIPng 313 Chapter 8 EIGRP 347 Chapter 9 OSPF 453 Chapter 10 IS-IS 563 Chapter 11 IGP Route Redistribution, Route Summarization, Default Routing , and Troubleshooting 633 Part IV Final Preparation Chapter 12 Final Preparation 701 Part V Appendixes Appendix A Answers to the Do I Know This Already?

10 Quizzes 707 Appendix B ccie Exam Updates 713 Index 714 CD-Only Appendix C Decimal to Binary Conversion Table Appendix D IP Addressing Practice Appendix E Key Tables for ccie Study Appendix F Solutions for Key Tables for ccie Study Appendix G Study Planner Glossary Contents Introduction xxivPart I LAN SwitchingChapter 1 Ethernet Basics 3 Do I Know This Already? Quiz 3 Foundation Topics 8 Ethernet Layer 1: Wiring, Speed, and Duplex 8RJ-45 Pinouts and Category 5 Wiring 8 Autonegotiation, Speed, and Duplex 9 CSMA/CD 10 Collision Domains and Switch Buffering 10 Basic Switch Port Configuration 11 Ethernet Layer 2: Framing and Addressing 14 Types of Ethernet Addresses 16 Ethernet Address Formats 17 Protocol Types and the Length Field 18 switching and Bridging Logic 19 SPAN, RSPAN, and ERSPAN 22 Core Concepts of SPAN, RSPAN, and ERSPAN 23 Restrictions and Conditions 24 Basic SPAN Configuration 26 Complex SPAN Configuration 26 RSPAN Configuration 26 ERSPAN Configuration 27 Virtual Switch System 28 Virtual switching System 29 VSS Active and VSS Standby Switch 30 Virtual Switch Link 30 Multichassis EtherChannel (MEC) 31 Basic VSS Configuration 31 VSS Verification Procedures 35 IOS-XE 38 Foundation Summary 41ixx ccie Routing and switching Official Cert Guide, Volume 1 Memory Builders 44 Fill In Key Tables from Memory 44 Definitions 44 Further Reading 45 Chapter 2 Virtual LANs and VLAN Trunking 47 Do I Know This Already?