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Central Forces and Orbital Mechanics
motion. This means that the motion r(t) is confined to a plane perpendicular to ℓ. It is convenient to adopt two-dimensional polar coordinates (r,φ). The magnitude of ℓ is ℓ = µr2φ˙ = 2µA˙ (9.9) where dA = 1 2r 2dφ is the differential element of area subtended relative to the force center.
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