Chlorine Handling Manual - Hydro Instruments

1 Chlorine Handling Manual The information contained in this Manual was accurate at the time of printing. The most current versions of all Hydro Instruments manuals can be found on our website Information subject to change without notice. Doc. CL2-001 Rev. May 6, 2016 2 Information subject to change without notice. Doc. CL2-001 Rev. May 6, 2016 Chlorine Handling Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS WARNING .. 3 I. Introduction .. 4 II. Chlorine Uses & Properties .. 4 III. Safety Information .. 7 1. General Health Hazards, Emergency Equipment & Emergency Action Plans .. 7 2. Chlorine Storage Facilities .. 8 IV. Chlorine Containers .. 9 1. Chlorine Cylinders .. 9 2. Ton Containers .. 10 3. Rail Cars / Tank Cars .. 11 4. Withdraw Rates .. 13 V. Storage & Use of Containers .. 13 VI. Pressure Manifolds, Piping & Other Chlorine Line Accessories.

2 14 1. Isolation Valves (Auxiliary Valves) .. 15 2. Flexible Connectors .. 15 3. Manifold / Pressurized Piping .. 15 4. Valves .. 16 5. Pressure Gauges and Switches .. 16 6. Expansion Chambers .. 16 7. Pressure Relief Valve Assemblies .. 16 8. Pressure Reducing Valves .. 17 9. Vaporizers (Evaporators) .. 17 VII. Preparing Pressure Manifold Piping For Use .. 17 VIII. Vacuum Piping & Accessories .. 17 IX. Ejector Solution X. Chlorine Absorption & Disposal .. 18 Tables .. 1. Table 1. Chemical Properties of Gaseous and Liquid 2. Table 2. Sizes and Dimension of Chlorine 3 Information subject to change without notice. Doc. CL2-001 Rev. May 6, 2016 Chlorine Handling Manual WARNING Chlorine is a hazardous chemical that can cause injury and death if not handled properly. This Manual contains only general information on the physical properties, storage, and Handling of Chlorine containers and relevant equipment.

3 It is not intended to replace or limit safety procedures in your facility. Safety procedures in an industrial setting must be designed in accordance with all governmental regulations and national safety codes, after giving full consideration to the specific needs of the industrial facility involved. Under no circumstances should the information in this Manual be construed as substituting or superseding any local, state, or federal laws and regulations. Hydro Instruments cannot anticipate the specific safety procedures required at every industrial facility. Accordingly, Hydro Instruments does not guarantee that safety procedures designed in accordance with this Manual will completely eliminate hazards and thus assumes no liability for accidents that may occur in your facility. Read this entire Manual and be fully familiar with your equipment and your entire industrial system so that the safety procedures you establish will meet the needs of the employees in you facility.

4 Reading only part of the Manual will not help you analyze the needs of your facility. Contact your Chlorine supplier, the Chlorine Institute, and other similar organizations to obtain any MSDS and/or more information. All information in this Manual was current at time of printing. Please note the date of printing and possible obsolescence of material as a result of scientific and medical developments after the date of publication. This applies to all materials you review in the course of developing safety procedures for use at your facility. When working with Chlorine Ensure that approved, self-contained breathing apparatuses are always available and personnel are properly trained for its use. Safety equipment should be inspected and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions.

5 Ensure that all warning signs and placards are in their appropriate places and are clearly visible. In the event of a leak, use trained personnel with the proper safety equipment to respond to the leak immediately. Evacuate all personnel from dangerous areas to a safe space. If breathing has stopped perform respiration immediately. If heart has stopped perform CPR. Knowledgeable design personnel should oversee and approve equipment installation and suitability of the system for which it is intended. Qualified personnel should also perform routine equipment checks and maintenance in accordance with manufacturers recommendations and instructions. 4 Information subject to change without notice. Doc. CL2-001 Rev. May 6, 2016 Chlorine Handling Manual I. INTRODUCTION WARNING: Chlorine is a hazardous and dangerous chemical.

6 Take extreme care when Handling and follow all pertinent safety rules and regulations. This Manual was designed for the reader to understand the proper Handling , storage, service and delivery of Chlorine . This Manual should be read fully and understood before Handling any containers or equipment. It is also suggested that the reader read the following documents for further understanding. The Chlorine Manual . Sixth ed. Washington: The Chlorine Institute, INC., 2000. Pamphlet 1: Chlorine Basics. Seventh ed. Washington: The Chlorine Institute, INC,2008. Pamphlet 155: Water and Wastewater Operators Chlorine Handbook. Second ed. Washington:The Chlorine Institute, INC, 2008. II. Chlorine USES AND PROPERTIES Chlorine has a wide variety of uses, but one of its primary uses is in the disinfection of water and wastewater.

7 Since the early 1900 s Chlorine has been the primary form of disinfection for water utilities and it is estimated that approximately 98% of all modern drinking water systems in the United States use Chlorine chemistry for disinfection purposes. Generally used as a gas, Chlorine has many applications in the fields of: Food and beverage processing, pharmaceuticals, electronics manufacturing, rubber processing, aluminum fluxing, and many others. Chlorine gas is normally stored as liquefied gas under pressure and is a gas at room temperature and pressure. As a gas it has a greenish yellow color and as a liquid it appears brown. In the absence of moisture, Chlorine is generally considered non-corrosive; however even in the presence of a little moisture (such as atmospheric) it becomes a strong oxidizing agent and becomes extremely corrosive.

8 Chlorine gas and liquid can be lethal to human life above certain concentrations (see Section III) by attacking mucous membranes in the eyes, throat and lungs. Extreme caution should be used when working with Chlorine . Other important properties can be found in Table 1. 5 Information subject to change without notice. Doc. CL2-001 Rev. May 6, 2016 Chlorine Handling Manual Table 1. Chemical Properties of Gaseous and Liquid Chlorine Property English Units SI Units Chlorine , gas Density (15 psia; 60 F) kg/m3 ( bar; 15 C) Compressibility fac-tor (15 psia; 70 F) ( bar; 21 C) Heat capacity (Cp) Btu/(lb. F) (15 psia; 68 F) kJ/(mol K) (1 bar; 25 C) Thermal conductivity .0048 Btu/(hr. ft. F) (15 psia ; 32 F) mW/(m K) (1 bar; 0 C) Chlorine , Liquid Density (53 psia; 32 F) kg/m3( bar; C) Liquid/gas equivalent 1:521 vol/vol (15 psia; 60 F) 1:521 vol/vol ( bar; 15 C) Latent Heat of Vaporization 111 Btu/lb.

9 (85 psia; 60 F) kJ/kg ( bar; C) 6 Information subject to change without notice. Doc. CL2-001 Rev. May 6, 2016 Chlorine Handling Manual Figure 1. Vapor Pressure Curve of Chlorine Gas Image from: The Chlorine Manual . Sixth ed. Washington: The Chlorine Institute, INC., 2000. 7 Information subject to change without notice. Doc. CL2-001 Rev. May 6, 2016 Chlorine Handling Manual INFORMATION 1. General Health Hazards, Emergency Equipment & Emergency Action Plans: Chlorine s primary health concern is that it is an extreme oxidizer and will attack the mucous membranes of the lungs, eyes and throat leading to severe injury or death. Chlorine s odor is strong enough that it can be detected at levels around 1 ppm. Symptoms of Chlorine gas inhalation include: eye irritation, coughing, throat irritation, vomiting, and labored breathing.

10 Contact with liquid Chlorine can also cause burns and irritation. If any of these symptoms exist leave the area immediately. Chlorine gas sensors should be installed everywhere appropriate. If symptoms exist, notify the appropriate personnel. If breathing has stopped then qualified personnel should perform respiratory measures until a medical team arrives. If heart stops, perform CPR. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a threshold limit of exposure to Chlorine gas to ppm for a 8 hour a day, 40 hour work week (the threshold limit will change based on the amount of time spent in the environment). Once Chlorine levels reach 10 ppm, the concentration is considered immediately dangerous to life and health and the area should be vacated immediately.